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関連する概念動画

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.
Momentum And Radiation Pressure01:20

Momentum And Radiation Pressure

An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because electromagnetic waves contain and transport momentum. The force accounts for the wave's radiation pressure exerted on the object. Maxwell's prediction was confirmed in 1903 by Nichols and Hull by precisely measuring radiation pressures with a torsion balance. The measuring instrument had mirrors suspended from a fiber kept inside a glass container. Nichols...
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...
Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
07:54

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Published on: April 3, 2018

火山の噴霧と月食による月食.

R A Keen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 2, 1983
    PubMed
    まとめ

    ストラトスフィアのエアロゾールは月食の明るさに影響します. 観測された明るさを理論的モデルと比較すると,El Chichón (1982) からの地球規模のエアロゾール負荷が Agung (1963) と一致することが明らかになる.

    科学分野:

    • 大気科学 大気科学
    • 天文学 (astronomy) 天文学 (astronomy) とは,天文学 (astronomy) とは,天文学 (astronomy) とは,天文学 (astronomy) とは
    • 火山学 火山学とは

    背景:

    • 月食は,地球が月の上に影を落とすときに起こります.
    • 太陽光は地球の大気圏を通って反射し,日食の間,月を照らします.
    • ストラトスフィアのエアロゾールは,月食の間に観測される月の明るさに大きく影響します.

    研究 の 目的:

    • ストラトスフィアのエアロゾールが月食の明るさに与える影響を定量化するために.
    • 月食観測を用いて,地球規模のエアロゾール光学深度を推定する.
    • 大規模な火山噴火によるエアロゾール負荷を比較するために.

    主な方法:

    • 1960年から1982年までの21回の月食の輝度データを分析した.
    • 観測された明るさを,エアロゾールのない大気を想定した理論モデルと比較した.
    • 全球平均のエアロゾール光学深さの計算.

    主要な成果:

    • 月食観測から決定された地球規模のエアロゾール光学深度.
    • 1982年のエル・チホン噴火のエアロゾール負荷が1963年のアグング噴火と比べられるとわかった.

    さらに関連する動画

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
    06:14

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

    Published on: July 30, 2020

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
    07:54

    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

    Published on: April 3, 2018

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
    06:14

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

    Published on: July 30, 2020

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

  • 大気光学に対する火山性エアロゾールの有意な影響を実証した.

    • 結論:

    • 大規模な火山噴火によるストラトスフィアのエアロゾールは,測定可能で比較可能な世界的な影響を及ぼします.
    • 月食の観測は,世界のエアロゾール負荷を監視するための貴重な方法を提供します.
    • El ChichónやAgungのような火山の噴火は,地球の大気中の放射性特性を大幅に変化させます.