まとめ
雷に関する研究は,事故を防止し,機敏な電子機器を保護することを目的としています. このレビューは,自然と誘発された雷に関する現在の知識をカバーし,より良い理解と保護戦略のための将来の研究方向性を提案します.
科学分野:
- 大気物理学 大気物理学
- 電気工学 電気工学とは
- 航空宇宙の安全性について
背景:
- 閃電は,宇宙打ち上げ (アポロ12号,アトラス・センタウール67号) 時の歴史的な事故によって証明された,重大なリスクを伴う.
- 地上および空飛ぶシステムの現代的な低電圧,固体電子機器は,雷による高波に対してますます脆弱である.
- 雷の現象を全面的に理解することは,効果的な保護措置の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 天然および誘発雷に関する現在の知識の状況をレビューする.
- 先進的な電子システムの保護に不可欠な重要なパラメータを特定する.
- 雷の物理と保護戦略を進めるための将来の研究方法を提案する.
主な方法:
- 自然と人工的に発生した稲妻に関する既存の研究の文献レビュー.
- 過去の雷に関連した事故とその影響の分析.
- 雷の物理とその電子システムとの相互作用に関する現在の理解の統合.
主要な成果:
- 自然現象と誘発現象の両方を含む,雷の物理学の現在の理解は,統合されています.
- 低電圧の固体電子機器の雷の影響に対する主要な脆弱性が強調されています.
- 重要な保護パラメータに関する知識のギャップを特定しました.
結論:
- 雷の物理学の理解を深めるためには,継続的な研究が不可欠です.
- 先進的な技術システムの保護のために,保護パラメータに関するさらなる調査が必要である.
- 強化された知識は,より堅牢な雷からの保護戦略の開発を容易にするでしょう.
関連する概念動画
Electric Charges
From lightning during thunderstorms to electronic devices, the phenomenon of electromagnetism is all around us. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It has been known to humanity in various forms for thousands of years. For example, the ancient Greek philosopher Thales of Miletus recorded his experiments on static electricity using amber and fur in the sixth century BC.
The English physicist William Gilbert studied the phenomenon of static electricity in...
The English physicist William Gilbert studied the phenomenon of static electricity in...
Induced Electric Fields
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
Charging Conductors By Induction
The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Primary Distribution
Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
Induction
An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
A...
A...


