アポロ16号のサンプルの揮発性元素:月面からのガス排出の可能性の証拠

U Krahenbuhl, R Ganapathy, J W Morgan

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 25, 1973

まとめ

月の高地における火山の過程は,水のような揮発性物質を放出します. アポロ16号のサンプルは,ブロミン,カドミウム,亜鉛などの元素の濃縮を明らかにし,限られた元の月面水を示しています.

科学分野:

月面地質学月面地質学
地質化学地質化学
惑星科学は惑星科学である.

背景:

アポロ16号は,ブレキアや高原の土壌など,月面から様々なサンプルを回収した.
以前の研究では,月面のサンプルにおける揮発性元素の濃度の変動が示された.

研究の目的:

アポロ16号のブレキアと高地の土壌における揮発性元素の濃縮を調査する.
これらの濃縮物が月の火山活動や水分量に及ぼす影響を理解する.

主な方法:

アポロ16号のブレッチアと土壌サンプルを分析した.
揮発性元素の濃度 (ブロミン,カドミウム,ゲルマーニウム,アンチモニー,タリウム,亜鉛) の地化学調査.
月面の元素の比率と宇宙の豊かさの比較.

主要な成果:

アポロ16号のいくつかのブレキアには,揮発性元素の濃度が著しく高まっている.
似たような,しかしあまり顕著ではない,濃縮は,すべての高地の土壌で観察されています.
タリウムとウランの比率は,月面での限られた原始水分含有量を示唆しています.

結論:

月の高地では火山活動が起こり,水を含む揮発性物質が放出されている可能性が高い.
データは,月の初期水分量は,深さ約22メートルの層に相当することを示唆しています.
アポロ16号の場所にあるカタクラスティック・アノルソサイトは,ネクタリス盆地からのエジェクトかもしれない.

さらに関連する動画

07:54

Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

Published on: April 3, 2018

09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

関連する概念動画

01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...

01:19

Escape Velocities of Gases

To escape the Earth's gravity, an object near the top of the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 km must travel away from Earth at 11.1 km/s. This speed is called the escape velocity. The temperature at which gas molecules attain the rms speed, which is equal to the escape velocity, can be estimated by using the equation for the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. According to the kinetic theory of gas, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is proportional to its temperature.

01:23

States of Water

Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...

01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

02:06

Conditions on Early Earth

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen into the primordial atmosphere. However, organisms with the characteristics of life were not initially present on earth. Scientists have used experimentation to determine how organisms evolved that could grow, reproduce, and maintain an internal environment.