パレオグナトス (Paleognathous carinate) 鳥は,北米の初期三次期の鳥である
まとめ
最近発見された旧生代と新生代の鳥の化石は,原始的な口腔を持つ古代の飛行種を明らかにしています. この発見は,飛べない鳥類の分類に異議を唱え,その特徴が祖先のものであり,由来ではないことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 鳥類の古生物学について
背景:
- 初期の鳥類の分類は,骨格の特徴に依存しています.
- パレオグナトウスの口腔は,ラタイト類 (鳥類のような鳥類) のような群れを定義するために使用される重要な特徴です.
- 以前の理解では,古鳥類の天口は,飛べない鳥類に特有の派生特質であったと示唆されていた.
研究 の 目的:
- パレオセン・エオセン時代の新発見の鳥の化石を記述する.
- これらの古代の鳥の骨格の特徴,特に口腔を分析するために.
- 鳥類のフィロゲニーにおける古臭虫の口腔の進化的重要性を再評価する.
主な方法:
- 化石化した鳥の骨格の発掘と回収.
- 化石標本の詳細な形態学的分析,頭蓋骨と口腔の構造に焦点を当てた.
- 現代の鳥類と化石鳥類との比較分析.
主要な成果:
- よく保存された,ほぼ完全な中型キャリナート (飛ぶ鳥) の骨格の発見.
- これらの古代の鳥は,現代の飛べない鳥やチナムスに似た,パリオグナトウスの味覚を持っていた.
- 証拠は,これらの鳥は,彼らの口腔構造にもかかわらず,持続的な飛行ができていたことを示しています.
結論:
- パレオグナトスの天口は,鳥の原始的な特徴であり,派生的なものではない可能性が高い.
- この発見は,古臭虫の口腔は,ラチテスのモノフィレティック群の決定的な特徴として使用されるべきではないことを示唆しています.
- これらの新しい化石の発見に基づいて,鳥類の進化的関係の再評価が必要である.
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