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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which are...
Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and calculate the...
The Periodic Table03:25

The Periodic Table

As early chemists discovered more elements, they realized that various elements could be grouped by their similar chemical behaviors. One such grouping includes lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). All of these elements are shiny, conduct heat and electricity well, and have similar chemical properties. A second grouping includes calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba), which also are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, and have chemical properties in common. However,...
Chemical Symbols01:09

Chemical Symbols

A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language. Most symbols have one or two letters, but three-letter symbols have been used...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

隕石の絶滅した超重元素:特徴づけの試み

E Anders, J W Larimer

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 3, 1972
    PubMed
    まとめ

    揮発性のある超重元素は,隕石のクセノン分裂を説明するかもしれない. 元素111と115は,この説明のために特定の蒸発熱と沸点を必要とするトップ候補である.

    科学分野:

    • 宇宙化学 (コスモケミストリー)
    • 核化学 核化学は,核化学である.
    • 惑星科学は惑星科学である.

    背景:

    • 隕石の解明されていない分裂クセノン成分は,未知の起源を示唆しています.
    • 超重元素 (SHEs) は,原子番号が104より大きい理論的元素です.
    • 揮発性は,惑星系における元素の分布に影響を与える重要な性質である.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 隕石におけるクセノン分裂異常を説明するために,揮発性超重元素の潜在的な役割を調査する.
    • そのような元素の必要な熱化学特性 (蒸発熱,沸点) を決定する.

    主な方法:

    • 潜在的超重元素の蒸発熱と沸点の推定のための熱力学的計算.
    • 計算された性質をクセノン同位体異常を説明するための要件と比較.
    • 超重元素の予測波動性に基づく超重元素の体系的な評価.

    主要な成果:

    • 揮発性超重元素の蒸発熱は54 ± 3 kcal/mol,沸点は2500 ± 400 Kであり,観測されたクセノン成分を説明するために必要である.
    • 要素111と115は最も有望な候補として特定され,113,114,112および116は二次的な可能性として挙げられる.
    • エレメント105-110は,不十分なボラティリティのために除外されています.

    さらに関連する動画

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
    08:14

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
    11:50

    Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

    Published on: June 13, 2015

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
    08:14

    Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

    Published on: October 25, 2019

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    結論:

    • 揮発性超重元素は,隕石の解明されていない核分裂クセノンの有望候補である.
    • 特定の熱化学的性質は,元素の可能な同一性を制限する.
    • 元素""""と""5の合成と性質に関するさらなる研究が必要である.