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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

固体光電子スペクトロスコピーは,シンクロトロン放射によるものです.

J H Weaver, G Margaritondo

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 12, 1979
    PubMed
    まとめ

    シンクロトロン放射は,光電子スペクトロスコピーを強化し,固体や表面における電子の振る舞いの研究に革命をもたらします. この技術により,電子帯の構造と表面分析の直接的なマッピングが可能になります.

    科学分野:

    • 物理 物理学 物理学とは
    • 化学 化学は化学です.
    • 材料科学 材料科学とは
    • 生物学 生物学 生物学とは

    背景:

    • シンクロトロン放射は,強烈で,調節可能で,極化され,安定した光子束を提供します.
    • これらのビームは,様々な科学研究分野に大きく影響します.
    • 固体光電子スペクトロスコピーは,電子特性を研究するための重要な技術です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • シンクロトロン放射を利用した基本的な光放射技術について議論する.
    • 固体や表面の電子的振る舞いの理解における進歩を強調する.
    • 表面科学における最近の応用を紹介するためです.

    主な方法:

    • シンクロトロン放射線源を利用して,光電子スペクトロスコピーを用いる.
    • 光放射技術において調節可能な表面の感度を用いること.
    • 電子バンド構造を直接マッピングする.

    主要な成果:

    • シンクロトロン放射は,固体光電子スペクトロスコーピーを革命的に変えました.
    • テクニックは,調整可能な表面感度を提供します.

    さらに関連する動画

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
    09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
    09:53

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

    Published on: October 30, 2012

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
    08:53

    Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

    Published on: October 9, 2012

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
    09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation
    09:53

    Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry With Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Synchrotron Radiation

    Published on: October 30, 2012

  • 電子帯の構造を直接マッピングすることが可能になりました.

    • 結論:

    • シンクロトロン放射による光電子スペクトロスコピーは強力なツールです.
    • 電子バンドの構造に関する直接的な洞察を提供します.
    • アプリケーションには,化学吸収と表面構造の詳細な研究が含まれています.