各国におけるメンタルヘルスシステム:今,私たちはどこにいるのか?
Lancet (London, England)
|September 7, 2007
まとめ
低所得国および中所得国 (LAMICs) のメンタルヘルスシステムは,重要な資源と政策の課題に直面しています. これらの障壁にもかかわらず,いくつかの国は進歩を示し,世界的な精神衛生の進歩のための貴重な教訓を提供しています.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
- メンタルヘルス・システム研究 メンタルヘルス・システム研究
背景:
- 世界の人口の85%以上が,低所得および中所得国 (LAMICs) に居住しています.
- LAMICのメンタルヘルスシステムに関する既存のデータは,重大なギャップと矛盾を明らかにしています.
- LAMICは,通常,非常に限られた財政資源,不十分な労働力,精神保健サービスのインフラが不足しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 低所得国と中所得国の精神保健システムの状況を分析する.
- 各国におけるメンタルヘルスシステムの構成要素における課題と違いを特定する.
- 資源の制限のある環境におけるメンタルヘルスシステムの発展に影響を与える要因を探求する.
主な方法:
- メンタルヘルスシステムに関する国レベルの利用可能なデータのレビュー.
- 資源配分,政策,法律,人材,インフラストラクチャの分析.
- 収入レベルが異なる国々における精神保健システムの構成要素の比較評価.
主要な成果:
- ほとんどのLAMICは,メンタルヘルスのための資金,人力,インフラが不十分です.
- メンタルヘルスに関する政策と法律の顕著な欠如は,特にアフリカと東南アジアでは,プログラム開発を妨げています.
- メンタルヘルスシステムの構成要素には,同様の収入カテゴリー内でも,大きな変動がある.
- メンタルヘルス資源は,一般的な健康,経済,発達指標と相関しています.
結論:
- LAMICsのメンタルヘルスに重点を置くこととリソースの割り当てを改善することが不可欠です.
- 低所得にもかかわらずメンタルヘルスシステムを発展させた国からの教訓は,さらなる調査を正当化します.
- 強化されたモニタリングと戦略的優先順位設定は,資源の限られた環境でグローバルなメンタルヘルスを促進するために不可欠です.
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