1979年4月17日のSoufriere噴火に関連したスカート雲

S Barr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 4, 1982

まとめ

ドラマチックな写真では,1979年のソフリエール噴火中に構造的なスカート雲が明らかになった. 研究者は,噴火柱によって変形した湿気層がこれらのユニークな火山雲を形成したと提案しています.

科学分野:

火山学火山学とは
大気科学大気科学
気象学気象学気象学

背景:

火山噴火は,大気条件に大きな影響を与える可能性があります.
雲の形成は,大気の水分と動力学の影響を受けます.
1979年のソフリエール噴火は,珍しい視覚現象を生んだ.

研究の目的:

1979年のSoufriere噴火中に観測されたスカート雲の形成を説明するために.
火山噴火柱と大気層の相互作用を調査する.

主な方法:

ソフリエール噴火の偶然の写真の分析.
雲の形成を説明するために気象学の原理を適用する.
噴火柱による湿気層の変形を仮定する.

主要な成果:

写真は,高度に構造化されたスカート雲を明確に示しています.
提案されたメカニズムは,準水平の湿気層の変形を伴う.
これらの変形した層は,より高い高度に運ばれ,凝縮と雲の形成につながった.

結論:

1979年のソフリエール噴火で観測されたスカート雲は,下水平の湿気層の激しい変形と上昇によって形成された可能性が高い.
この現象は,火山活動と大気動態の複雑な相互作用を強調しています.
この研究は,視覚的に印象的な火山雲の形成の気象学的説明を提供します.

さらに関連する動画

07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

関連する概念動画

01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

03:10

Precipitation Reactions

In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...

01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

01:25

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...

01:18

Variation of Atmospheric Pressure

Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...

関連する実験動画