ハワイのマウナ・ロア天文台で,大気伝播における火山に関連した世俗的な傾向
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 3, 1978
まとめ
大気中での伝送データは,長期にわたる減少と年間変動を示しています. 火山噴火は,一時的な伝播の低下を引き起こし,回復には最大8年かかります.
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
背景:
- マウナ・ロア天文台から20年にわたる大気伝送データを分析した.
- 以前の研究では,大気条件による太陽光照射の変動が認められていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 大気中での伝播の年次および年次変動を分析する.
- 火山噴火が大気伝播に及ぼす影響を調査する.
- 火山性エアロゾール注入後の回復時間とパターンを決定する.
主な方法:
- マウナ・ロア天文台からの20年間の大気伝送データの分析.
- 伝送データと火山噴火の記録の統計的相関.
- 噴火後の伝送回復曲線の特徴.
主要な成果:
- 大気中での伝播の長期的減少と定期的な年間変動が観察されました.
- 伝播の一時的な減少は,爆発的な火山噴火と強く相関しています.
- 火山噴出物注入からの回復は,直線的な回復曲線で最大8年かかることがあります.
- 1977年,大気伝播は1958年から1962年のレベルに戻り,アグング山噴火からの完全な回復を示しました.
結論:
- 大気中での伝播は,長期の傾向と季節のサイクルの両方を表しています.
- 火山噴火は,太陽光照射に大きく影響し,回復期間が長くなります.
- マウナ・ロアの記録は,大気動力学と火山が気候に及ぼす影響に関する貴重な洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:50Global Climate Change
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
01:26Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
01:18Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
01:11Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency
The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...
01:07What is Weather?
Overview