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関連する概念動画

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
07:24

Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

Published on: February 10, 2023

ミトコンドリアDNAの大きさの変動は,個々のニワトリの内にある.

R G Harrison, D M Rand, W C Wheeler

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 21, 1985
    PubMed
    まとめ

    クリケットのミトコンドリアDNAは,一部の個体でサイズ変化とヘテロプラズミーを表しています. この変異は遺伝子マーカーを提供しており,クリケットの生殖細胞におけるミトコンドリアDNAの緩やかな分離を示唆している.

    科学分野:

    • * 分子生物学 * 分子生物学
    • * 遺伝学について
    • * 進化生物学について

    背景:

    • *ミトコンドリアDNA (mtDNA) は,細胞のエネルギー生産に不可欠であり,多くの種では母性的に受け継がれます.
    • *mtDNAの多様性を研究することで,集団遺伝学,進化史,遺伝パターンの洞察が得られます.
    • *mtDNAのサイズポリモルフィズムが様々な生物で観察されているが,遺伝への影響は必ずしも明確ではない.

    研究 の 目的:

    • *ミトコンドリアDNAサイズポリモルフィズムの存在と性質を,密接に関連した2種類のクリケット種 (グリルス属) で調査する.
    • * 個体内のヘテロプラズミーの頻度 (異なるmtDNA変異の共発生) を決定する.
    • *ミトコンドリアDNA伝播遺伝学の研究のためのマーカーとして個体内mtDNA変異の有用性を評価する.

    主な方法:

    • * 制限断片分析は,フィールドで収集されたニワトリのミトコンドリアDNAを検査するために使用されました.
    • *分析は,mtDNA内のサイズ変異と制限部位変異を特定することに焦点を当てました.
    • * 伝播ダイナミクスを推論するために,母と子との間の変動パターンを比較しました.

    主要な成果:

    • * ミトコンドリアDNAサイズポリモルフィズムが研究されたニワトリ種で確認されました.

    さらに関連する動画

    Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
    12:11

    Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

    Published on: May 20, 2018

    Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
    09:15

    Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Published on: July 12, 2022

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing
    07:24

    Genotyping Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome by Pyrosequencing

    Published on: February 10, 2023

    Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
    12:11

    Methodology for Accurate Detection of Mitochondrial DNA Methylation

    Published on: May 20, 2018

    Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction
    09:15

    Measuring Single-Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Heteroplasmy Using Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction

    Published on: July 12, 2022

  • * 採取したニワトリの有意な割合 (12%) がmtDNAサイズ変異のヘテロプラズミーを示した.
  • * 制限部位の変異についてはヘテロプラズミアが検出されず,サイズが個体内変異の主な原因であることを示す.

    • 結論:

    • * クリケットのミトコンドリアDNAの個体内変動,特にサイズポリモルフィズムは,遺伝学の研究にとって貴重なマーカーとして機能します.
    • * 観察された母子ペアの多様性のパターンは,ミトコンドリアDNAの変種がクリケットの生殖細胞系内でランダムにまたは急速に分離しないことを示唆しています.
    • *これらの発見は,昆虫のミトコンドリアDNAの複雑な遺伝機構の理解に貢献します.