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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
11:20

Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Published on: July 2, 2012

超新星1987aのパルサーはいつ見られるのでしょうか?

F C Michel, C F Kennel, W A Fowler

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 13, 1987
    PubMed
    まとめ

    研究者らは,超新星1987A.A.の内部でパルサーを検出することを探求した. パルサーはパルサーです.

    科学分野:

    • 天体物理学 天体物理学
    • スーパーノヴァの残骸
    • 中性子星とは,中性子星のことです.

    背景:

    • 超新星1987A (SN 1987A) は,恒星の進化と爆発メカニズムを研究するための重要なオブジェクトです.
    • タイプIIの超新星は,放射性崩壊よりも遅い光の曲線を示し,その原因は議論されています.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 超新星1987Aの残骸の中でパルサーの検出の可能性を調査する.
    • 観測された光の曲線の衰えをパルサーの活動と星雲の不透明性と結びつける新しい仮説を提案する.

    主な方法:

    • タイプIIの超新星,特にSN 1987A.の光の曲線特性の分析
    • 埋め込まれたパルサーからダイナミックな超新星残骸を通るエネルギー転送の理論モデル化.

    主要な成果:

    • タイプII光の曲線で観察されたゆっくりとした衰退は,パルサーのスピンダウンではなく,むしろ nebular opacity の減少を表している可能性があります.
    • この減少する不透明性は,増加するガンマ線エネルギーが残骸から逃れることを可能にします.

    結論:

    • この仮説は,SN 1987Aの光の曲線の"欠落した"エネルギーは,ガマ線が脱出する形で観測できる可能性があることを示唆している.

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    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
    11:20

    Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses

    Published on: July 2, 2012

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
    10:35

    Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

    Published on: February 12, 2013

    High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon
    05:40

    High-Speed Optical Diagnostics of a Supersonic Ping-Pong Cannon

    Published on: March 24, 2023

  • これをテストするには,これらのガンマ線を探し求め,超新星残骸のパルサー検出のための新しい方法を提供する必要があります.