関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 11, 2026
07:18
Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector
Published on: October 18, 2017
まとめ
宗教的,民族的背景は,米国における科学者や学者の生産に大きな影響を与えます. 生産性の高いグループには,ナチュラリズムや献身といった価値観が共有され,生産性の低いグループには,相反する信念がある.
科学分野:
- 科学の社会学 科学の社会学
- 文化研究 文化研究 文化研究
- 人口統計学 人口統計学
背景:
- 地域,学士号,社会階級の違いは,米国における科学および学術博士号の生産に存在する.
- これらの多様性は,個人の宗教・民族集団の属性と大きく関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 宗教的・民族的背景と,科学者や学者の生産との関係を分析する.
- 科学・学術分野における生産性の異なるレベルに関連した特定の信念と価値を特定する.
主な方法:
- 博士号の生産における地理的,学士号,社会階級の変動を反映したデータの分析.
- 生産性の変動と宗教・民族集団の特徴,関連する信念体系との相関関係.
主要な成果:
- ローマ・カトリック教徒と原理主義/伝統的なプロテスタント教徒は,科学者や学者の低い生産者です.
- リベラルなプロテスタント宗派 (ユニタリアン,クエーカーなど) と世俗化されたユダヤ人集団は生産性が高い.
- 中間生産性は,よりリベラルな宗教信仰では観察され,価値観の混合を反映しています.
結論:
- 自然主義,学習の内在的な評価,人間の尊厳,献身,実用的な問題解決など,グループの信念と価値観は,科学と学術の生産性と密接に関連しています.
- ユダヤ人の移民などの歴史的例は,努力と責任に重点を置く一方で,価値観 (例えば,聖書の知識と世俗的な学習) を適応させることが,高い生産性を育むことができることを示しています.
- 将来の生産性は,長期的な努力を軽視し,即時の満足や権力ダイナミクスを重視する社会運動によって影響を受けることがあります.
関連する概念動画
02:44Heating and Cooling Curves
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
01:07Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
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01:20Conduction, Convection and Radiation: Problem Solving
There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
In order to solve a problem related to heat transfer, first of all, the situation needs to be examined to determine the type of heat transfer involved. This could...
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01:19Mechanism of heat transfer
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
01:12Heat Flow and Specific Heat
Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...
01:14Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.