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Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
Flame Photometry: Overview01:02

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

オービター・クラウド・フォトポリメーター調査

L D Travis, D L Coffeen, J E Hansen

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 23, 1979
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    新しい軌道探査機のデータは,主要雲の上の惑星規模の平流圏のエアロゾール層を明らかにしています. この層は,逆行記号やコンベクティブ・セルなどの観測された大気特征とともに,惑星の大気動態の洞察を提供している.

    さらに関連する動画

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
    09:00

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

    Published on: October 27, 2017

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
    06:27

    Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

    Published on: May 29, 2019

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
    09:00

    Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

    Published on: October 27, 2017

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
    11:34

    Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

    Published on: July 1, 2019

    科学分野:

    • 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
    • 大気科学 大気科学
    • リモートセンシング (リモートセンサー)

    背景:

    • 1974年にマリナー10号による以前の観測は,惑星の特徴に関する最初のデータを提供した.
    • 大気の組成と動態を理解することは,惑星探査にとって極めて重要です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • オービター雲フォトポリマリメーターによる最初の偏振測定を分析する.
    • 低層の平流圏で新たに検出されたサブミクロメートルのエアロゾール層を特徴づけるために.
    • マリナー10号の過去のデータと現在の観測を比較する.

    主な方法:

    • オービター雲フォトポリメーターから得られたデータを用いて,極化測定を行います.
    • 初期の画像を分析して,大気の特徴や雲の構造を調べた.
    • 観測された特徴と,マリナー10号によって記録された特徴を比較する.

    主要な成果:

    • 低層平流圏 (光学厚さ0.05-0.1) で惑星規模のサブミクロメートルのエアロゾール層の検出.
    • 逆行惑星スケールマークの観測 (約. 100 m/s) とコンベクティブ・セル.
    • 緯度~50度まで明るい雲で覆われている極域は,これまで観測されたよりも明るい.
    • 中緯度で特定された細胞の特徴とクラスターは,一部は極雲と相互作用しています.

    結論:

    • 検出されたエアロゾール層は,地球の大気組成と外観に大きな影響を与えます.
    • 観測された特徴は,コンベクションと大規模循環を含む,ダイナミックな大気プロセスを示しています.
    • 現在の北極雲の観測は,過去のデータとは異なるため,時間の経過とともに大気の変化が示唆されています.