まとめ
金星の大気中の水は,珍しいプロフィールを呈しています. 調和したデータは,水が二酸化炭素と三酸化硫黄と結合し,大気の下層で炭素酸と硫黄酸を形成することを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 大気化学 大気化学
- スペクトロスコーピーは,スペクトロスコーピーを用います.
背景:
- 金星の大気中の垂直の水量プロファイルは,表面の近くで急激に減少する異常な分布を示しています.
- 異なる赤外線帯の間には不一致があり,2.5から10の因数で変動する水の豊富さを示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 金星の大気中の水の豊富性プロファイルに関する矛盾するデータを調和させるため.
- 観測された水蒸気分布を説明する化学モデルを提案する.
主な方法:
- 様々な赤外線帯からの既存の大気データの分析.
- 下層大気中の分子関連を調査するための化学モデリング.
- 水蒸気と硫酸の吸収特性を比較するための光譜分析.
主要な成果:
- データ調整は,水分子が二酸化炭素と三酸化硫黄と結合することを提案することによって達成されます.
- 下層大気中のガス状の炭素酸と硫酸の形成が,異常なプロフィールを説明している.
- 硫酸は,0.94マイクロメートルで水蒸気よりも強い吸収物質として識別され,測定の不一致を解決します.
結論:
- 金星の大気の平均総水量50 +/- 20 ppmは,金星の大気のために導出されています.
- 表面近くの自由水蒸気濃度が10 +/- 4 parts per millionと決定される.
- 提案された化学的関連は,垂直の水の豊富性プロフィールの一貫した説明を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:23States of Water
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
01:18Vaporization
The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
01:00The Water Cycle
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
01:07What is Weather?
Overview
01:27Distribution of Molecular Speeds
The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
01:27Role of Water in Human Biology
Water is the one of the most significant components of the human body; it plays a crucial role in several physiological activities because of its unique physicochemical properties. Importantly, it helps to regulate body temperature and is the chief component of several body fluids.
Water's Solvent Properties
Since water is a polar molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it. Therefore, it is referred to as a solvent, a...
Water's Solvent Properties
Since water is a polar molecule with slightly positive and slightly negative charges, ions and polar molecules can readily dissolve in it. Therefore, it is referred to as a solvent, a...