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関連する概念動画

Gravity between Spherical Bodies01:27

Gravity between Spherical Bodies

Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
This assumption can be proved easily by showing that the expression for gravitational potential energy between a hollow sphere of mass (M) and a point mass (m) is the same as it would be for a pair of extended...
Gravitation01:16

Gravitation

In the years before Newton, a general belief prevailed that different laws governed objects in the sky than objects on Earth. When Kepler wrote down the three laws of planetary motion, explaining in detail the geometrical properties of the planetary orbits around the Sun, there was no immediate idea to discern their connection with more fundamental laws. It was Isaac Newton who, in 1665–66, figured out the connection between planetary motion, the motion of the moon around the Earth, and the...
Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets01:24

Acceleration due to Gravity on Other Planets

The gravitational acceleration of an object near the Earth's surface is called the acceleration due to gravity. It can be measured by conducting simple experiments on Earth. However, such an experiment is impossible to conduct on the surface of other planets.
Astronomical observations are thus used to measure the acceleration due to gravity on other planets. This can be determined by observing the effect of a planet's gravity on objects close to it. The crucial factor that helps in this...
Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface. This force,...
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
The difference between the true and apparent weights is proportional to the square of the Earth's angular speed. Since the...
Tidal Forces01:06

Tidal Forces

The origin of Earth's ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. However, the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the proper understanding of the phenomenon. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body; they are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter's moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
06:14

Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

Published on: July 30, 2020

アポロ12号からの大きなクレーター上の月の重力 追跡データ

P Gottlieb, P M Muller, W L Sjogren

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 24, 1970
    PubMed
    まとめ

    アポロ12号の月面モジュールのデータは,プトレマイオスとアルバテグニウスのクレーターの下には重大な質量欠陥があることを示しています. これらの発見は,月面の重力構造に影響を与える,実質的な物質の除去を示唆しています.

    科学分野:

    • 月面地質学 月面地質学
    • 重力異常は重力の異常である.
    • 惑星科学は惑星科学である.

    背景:

    • 月の地下構造を理解することは,惑星の進化の研究にとって極めて重要です.
    • アポロミッションは,月探査のための貴重なデータを提供した.

    研究 の 目的:

    • アポロ12号の月面モジュールの追跡データからのドップラー残留を分析するために.
    • 特定の月のクレーター上の重力異常を調査するために.

    主な方法:

    • 月面モジュールの無線追跡からのドップラー残留物の分析.
    • トポグラフィの特徴と重力細部構造の相関.

    主要な成果:

    • ピトレメウスクレーターとアルバテグニウスクレーターで大きな負の加速を観測した.
    • 推論された質量欠乏は,クレーター領域を横断して1kmの物質除去に相当する.
    • 重力による細かい構造と地形の間の相関を特定した.

    結論:

    • 月面は,地表下の質量赤字が顕著である.
    • トポグラフィは,観測された月の重力異常において重要な役割を果たしています.

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    Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

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    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
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    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

    Published on: April 3, 2018

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
    06:14

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

    Published on: July 30, 2020

    Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves
    06:48

    Surface Mapping of Earth-like Exoplanets using Single Point Light Curves

    Published on: May 10, 2020

    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas
    07:54

    Experimental Methods of Dust Charging and Mobilization on Surfaces with Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation or Plasmas

    Published on: April 3, 2018

  • 月面下部の組成についてさらなる調査が必要である.