トウモロコシの老朽化した葉から発生するアンモニアの揮発
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 23, 1979
まとめ
トウモロコシの植物は,通常の空気中の老化中にアンモニアを放出します. このアンモニアの排出は, fotosynthesis が活発であっても発生し,以前の高濃度の発見に挑戦します.
科学分野:
- 植物科学 植物科学について
- 環境科学 環境科学
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 植物と大気の相互作用におけるアンモニア (NH3) のダイナミクスは,生態系の窒素循環にとって極めて重要です.
- 以前の研究は主に,環境中のNH3濃度が高い環境下での植物によるアンモニアの吸収に焦点を当てていた.
- 通常の空気条件下でのアンモニア交換に関する植物の行動は,まだあまり理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- トウモロコシの植物と大気間のアンモニア交換を,通常の空気条件下で調査する.
- トウモロコシの植物が老化過程でアンモニアを吸収または放出するかどうかを判断する.
- 活性光合成がアンモニアの放出に及ぼす影響を評価する.
主な方法:
- コーン (Zea mays) の植物の制御された環境での実験.
- ガスクロマトグラフィを用いたアンモニア流量の測定.
- 植物老化と光合成活動のモニタリング.
主要な成果:
- 普通の空気の中で育つトウモロコシは,アンモニアを放出します.
- 植物老化の過程でアンモニアの放出が観察されました.
- 活発な光合成にもかかわらず,有意なアンモニア排出が発生しました.
結論:
- 植物は,大気中のアンモニアの源であり,特に通常の空気中の老化期である.
- この発見は,高いアンモニア濃度の研究に基づく既知の知識と対照的である.
- この研究は,植物とアンモニアの相互作用の複雑さと,窒素循環におけるその役割を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
01:20Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
01:57Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss
Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
01:27C4 Pathway and CAM
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
01:10Volatilization
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
02:16Light Acquisition
In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
02:04Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata
During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.