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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...

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Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

超伝導クビットを空洞バスで結合する.

J Majer1, J M Chow, J M Gambetta

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. johannes.majer@yale.edu

Nature
|September 28, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者らは,遠隔の超伝導クビットをつなぐためにマイクロ波光子を用いた量子バスを開発した. これは,スケーラブルな量子コンピューティングアーキテクチャの重要なステップである一貫した量子状態転送を可能にします.

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

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科学分野:

  • 量子コンピューティング
  • 超伝導回路について
  • 量子情報処理 量子情報処理

背景:

  • 超伝導回路は,量子コンピュータにおける量子ビット (量子ビット) の主要候補である.
  • シングル・クビット操作は日常的ですが,任意のゲート操作のために遠くにあるクビットをつなぐことは依然として課題です.
  • 既存の方法は主に局所的な相互作用に依存しており,スケーラビリティを制限しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 遠隔の超伝導量子ビットをつなぐためのスケーラブルな方法を示すために.
  • 量子情報を配布するための量子バスアーキテクチャを実装する.
  • チップ上の隣接しない量子ビット間の一貫した量子状態転送を可能にする.

主な方法:

  • 送電線の空洞を利用して,マイクロ波光子を閉じ込め,量子バスとして作用した.
  • この量子バスを通じて,チップの反対側に位置する2つの超伝導クビットをカップリングします.
  • 仮想光子によるクビットカップリングと媒介された相互作用をダイナミックに切り替えるための高速クビット制御を採用しました.

主要な成果:

  • 2つの超伝導量子ビット間の量子状態の一貫した移転が成功裏に実証されました.
  • 量子バスでは,仮想フォトンを用いて相互作用を媒介し,空洞によって引き起こされる損失を軽減しました.
  • この空洞は,複合制御と量子ビット状態の測定を容易にした.

結論:

  • 実装された量子バスアーキテクチャは,遠隔の超伝導量子ビットを効果的にカップル化する.
  • このアプローチは,一貫した量子状態移転を可能にし,2 キュービット以上までスケーラブルです.
  • チップ上の量子情報処理のための魅力的なアーキテクチャを提示しています.