チンパンジーは,究極のゲームにおける合理的最大化者です
Keith Jensen1, Josep Call, Michael Tomasello
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany. jensen@eva.mpg.de
まとめ
チンパンジーは合理的な最大化者であり,経済的決定の公平性に敏感ではありません. 人間とは異なり,彼らは究極のゲームで不公平な申し出を拒絶せず,社会的行動の重要な違いを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 行動経済学は,行動経済学である.
- プリマトロジー・プリマトロジー学
- 進化心理学の心理学について
背景:
- 伝統的な経済モデルは,合理的で自己利益に基づく意思決定を前提としています.
- 経験的証拠は,人間が公平性と協力を重視することを示しています.
- ウルティマトゥームゲームは,不公平な結果に対する人間の感受性を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 究極のゲームを使ってチンパンジーの公平感を調査する.
- チンパンジーの経済意思決定と人間の行動を比較する.
- 他者に対する好みの進化的起源を探求する.
主な方法:
- チンパンジー (Pan troglodytes) は究極のゲームに参加しました.
- プレーヤーの間で分割するために,金融的な意外な利益が提案されました.
- 不公平なオファーの拒絶率を分析した.
主要な成果:
- チンパンジーは不公平なオファーを拒絶せず,合理的な最大化を示した.
- 人間とは異なり,チンパンジーは不公平な結果に対して嫌悪感を示さなかった.
- 行動からすると,チンパンジーの経済意思決定において,公平感が欠けていることがわかります.
結論:
- チンパンジーは合理的な経済的な意思決定を行い,自己利益を優先します.
- 公平感と不公平への嫌悪感は,人間とチンパンジーを区別する.
- これらの発見は,他者に対する好みは人間に特有のものであるという仮説を裏付けている.
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