単語使用の頻度は,インド・ヨーロッパの歴史を通して語彙の進化の速度を予測します
Mark Pagel1, Quentin D Atkinson, Andrew Meade
1School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AS, UK. m.pagel@reading.ac.uk
Nature
|October 12, 2007
まとめ
単語の使用頻度は,インド・ヨーロッパ諸言語の単語の変化速度に影響を与える. 高頻度の単語はゆっくりと進化しますが,低頻度の単語はより速く変化し,辞書置換率の変動を説明します.
科学分野:
- 歴史的言語学の歴史的言語学
- コンピュータ言語学 コンピュータ言語学
- 言語の進化 言語の進化 言語の進化
背景:
- 辞書置換率は,インド・ヨーロッパ言語内の異なる語の意味によって著しく異なります.
- 現存する言語学理論では,この単語の進化速度の変化に包括的な説明が欠けている.
研究 の 目的:
- 単語の使用頻度とインド・ヨーロッパ言語の語彙置換率との関係を調査する.
- 単語の進化の異なる速度を駆動する一般的な言語学的メカニズムを特定する.
主な方法:
- 4つの大きな言語体 (英語,スペイン語,ロシア語,ギリシャ語) の分析.
- 87のインド・ヨーロッパ言語の200の基本的な語彙の意味を比較したデータベースを利用した.
- 現代の単語使用頻度と,語彙の置き換えの歴史的割合が相関する.
主要な成果:
- 強い相関関係が見られました:頻繁に使用される単語は,頻繁に使用されない単語よりも大幅にゆっくりと進化します.
- この周波数依存の進化率は,言語と言語体の異なる部分に一貫していました.
- 単語の使用頻度は,歴史的な辞書置換率の変動の約50%を説明します.
結論:
- 単語の使用頻度は,語彙進化の速度に予測可能な,法則のような影響を及ぼします.
- 発見は,言語変化の社会的モデルを支持し,単語進化における選択の役割を強調しています.
- 言語の使用パターンは,本質的にすべての言語で単語の変化の異なる速度を駆動します.
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