覚醒のニューラル基板は,ハイポクレチンニューロンの光遺伝的制御で探査されました
Antoine R Adamantidis1, Feng Zhang, Alexander M Aravanis
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 701B Welch Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
Nature
|October 19, 2007
まとめ
ヒポクレチン (Hcrt) ニューロンからの電気活動は,直接的に覚醒を促します. マウスにおけるHcrtニューロンの光遺伝的刺激は,マウスを睡眠から迅速に目覚めさせ,Hcrtニューロンの活動と興奮の間の因果関係を確立します.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- スリープリサーチ 睡眠研究
- 神経生理学 神経生理学とは
背景:
- 睡眠と覚醒のサイクルには,睡眠促進システムと覚醒システムとの複雑な相互作用が含まれています.
- ハイポクレチン (Hcrt,オレキシンとも呼ばれる) ニューロンは,覚醒の安定性にとって不可欠であり,その機能障害はナルコレプシーに関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- Hcrtニューロンの電気的活動が睡眠から目覚めさせるのに十分であるかどうかを判断する.
- Hcrtニューロン活動と睡眠状態の移行の間に因果関係を確立するために.
主な方法:
- 自由に動き回るマウスの体内光生性光刺激を用いた.
- 遺伝的に標的にされたチャネルロドプシン-2は,側視床下部のHcrtニューロンに伝わります.
- 異なる睡眠状態の間に選択的にHcrtニューロンを活性化するために,光ファイバーを介して送られる光.
主要な成果:
- Hcrtニューロンの直接的な光遺伝的刺激は,遅波睡眠とレム睡眠の両方から覚醒への移行の確率を高めました.
- 周波数依存型光刺激: 5〜30 Hzの光パルス列車は目覚めの遅延を軽減したが,1 Hzの列車はそうしなかった.
- 遺伝的に定義されたHcrtニューロン活動と覚醒の間の因果関係が確立されました.
結論:
- Hcrtニューロンの活動は,睡眠から目覚めさせるのに十分である.
- Hcrtニューロンの活性化の頻度は,睡眠-覚醒の移行に対するその効果を調節する.
- この研究は,興奮とナルコレプシーの神経メカニズムに関する重要な洞察を提供します.
関連する概念動画
01:10Transcription
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
01:51Determination
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
02:33Combinatorial Gene Control
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
02:11Reporter Genes
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Commonly used reporter...
01:17Transcription
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...