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関連する概念動画

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

209
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
209
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

61
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
61
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

123
The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
123
Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

77
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
77
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

98
The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
98
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

47
The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
47

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Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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"ヒトの微生物群プロジェクト"

Peter J Turnbaugh1, Ruth E Ley, Micah Hamady

  • 1Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.

Nature
|October 19, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

この研究は,ヒトの微生物群を調査するための戦略を概説しています.

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科学分野:

  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学
  • メタボロミクスとは

背景:

  • 人間の体には,膨大な微生物のコミュニティが宿っています.
  • 健康と病気における微生物群の役割を理解することは極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 微生物群がヒトの遺伝子と代謝との相互作用を分析するための戦略を開発する.
  • 生理学的プロセスと疾患の感受性に対する微生物群の貢献を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • マルチオミックスのデータの統合 (ゲノミクス,メタボロミクス,メタゲノミクス).
  • システム生物学分析のためのコンピューティングフレームワークの開発.
  • 多様なヒト集団における比較分析.

主要な成果:

  • 代謝経路に関連した重要な微生物の分類の識別.
  • 特定の微生物の代謝産物と宿主の遺伝子変異の相関.
  • 特定の病気への予備性に関連した微生物のシグネチャーの発見.

結論:

  • 人間の微生物群の影響を研究するための包括的な戦略が確立されています.
  • 微生物群は,ヒトの生理学と病気のリスクに大きな影響を与えます.
  • このアプローチは,マイクロバイオームベースの診断と治療のための基盤を提供します.