人種集団におけるポジティブセレクションの全ゲノム検出と特徴付け
Pardis C Sabeti1, Patrick Varilly, Ben Fry
1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. pardis@broad.mit.edu
Nature
|October 19, 2007
まとめ
科学者たちは,ポジティブな自然選択を検出するために,ヒトの遺伝子変異データを分析した. この研究は,300以上の候補領域と特定の遺伝子を特定し,世界中の異なる集団における進化的適応を明らかにしました.
科学分野:
- 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 人口遺伝学 人口遺伝学
背景:
- 人間の遺伝的多様性の密度の高い地図は,正の自然選択の検出を可能にします.
- 国際ハップマッププロジェクトは,ヒトのポリモルフィズムに関する広範なデータを提供しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 人種集団で肯定的な自然選択を経験したゲノム領域と遺伝子を特定する.
- 最近のおよび古代の選択イベントを検出するための方法を開発し,適用する.
主な方法:
- 国際ハップマッププロジェクト第2フェーズ (HapMap2) の300万以上のポリモルフィズムを分析した.
- 最近の選択検出のために"長距離ハプロタイプ"の方法を使用しました.
- セレクション・スイープのための新しいクロス・ポピュレーション比較方法を開発しました.
主要な成果:
- 300以上のポジティブセレクションの強い候補地域を特定しました.
- 選択の地域的証拠を持つ26の非同義的なコーディング単一ヌクレオチドポリモルフィズムを特定しました.
- 共通の生物学的プロセスにおける遺伝子の3つのケースを強調し,同じ集団における選択を示した (ラッサウイルス耐性,皮膚の色素化,毛皮の発達).
結論:
- 人間の集団は,ゲノム全体で最近のポジティブな選択の証拠を示しています.
- 感染症耐性,皮膚の色素化,および髪の成長に関連する特定の遺伝子は,選択の重要なターゲットです.
- この研究は,人間の適応を理解するために,候補地域を精査するための枠組みを提供します.
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