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Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this staggered...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal tetrahedral value,...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

C60内のH2は,外の世界と通信できるのか?

Juan López-Gejo1, Angel A Martí, Marco Ruzzi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 8, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

水素やデウテリウムをフルレネで封じ込めると,三重の寿命に影響はなかった. しかし,封入されたH2とD2は,振動相互作用を示し,単一の酸素の消火率に著しく影響した.

科学分野:

  • フォトケミストリー フォトケミストリー
  • 物理化学 物理化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学とは

背景:

  • シングレット酸素 (1O2) は,様々な化学的および生物学的プロセスに関与する反応性酸素種です.
  • C60などのフルレンは,シングレット酸素の quenchers として知られています.
  • フラーレンの内部に小さな分子を封じ込めると,その性質が変化します.

研究 の 目的:

  • C60内のカプセル化水素 (H2) とデュテリウム (D2) がシングレット酸素冷却に及ぼす影響を調査する.
  • C60,H2@C60,D2@C60,H2,およびD2.2の消火効率を比較するために.
  • 消火メカニズムにおける振動相互作用の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • 溶液中の様々なクエンチャーを用いてシングレット酸素の quenching 速度定数の測定.
  • ナフタレンエンドペロキシド誘導体の光敏感化と熱分解によるシングレット酸素の生成.
  • トリプルライフタイムと電子パラマグネティック共振 (EPR) 測定を用いて.

主要な成果:

  • C60内のH2またはD2の封じ込めは,トリプレットの寿命を変更したり,EPR.を介して観察可能な効果を示したりしませんでした.

さらに関連する動画

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
13:58

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
13:58

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
09:35

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by Copper(I)-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

Published on: September 18, 2016

  • C60,H2@C60,D2@C60,H2およびD2.2によるシングレット酸素 quenchingにおいて有意な効果が観察されました.
  • H2の quenching rate constantは,D2の quenching rate constantよりも約1桁高かった.
  • H2@C60とD2@C60を比較すると,シングレット酸素とカプセル化されたH2分子の間の顕著な振動相互作用が明らかになった.

    • 結論:

    • 封装されたH2とD2の振動モードは,フルレン誘導体によるシングレット酸素の消火に重要な役割を果たします.
    • 観測された動性同位体効果 (H2対D2) は,冷却過程で有意な振動エネルギー移転の証拠を提供します.
    • フラーレンの封じ込めは,シングレット酸素のような反応性種との分子相互作用を研究し,潜在的に調整するためのプラットフォームを提供します.