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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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ソマティック細胞の核移転により霊長類の胚性幹細胞を生成する.

J A Byrne1, D A Pedersen, L L Clepper

  • 1Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA.

Nature
|November 16, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

科学者たちは,レサス・マカクの体細胞核移転 (SCNT) を使用して,患者特有の胚性幹細胞 (ES) を成功裏に作成しました. この画期的な発見は,再生医療のための霊長類の治療的クローンの可能性を示しています.

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科学分野:

  • 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
  • 幹細胞科学 幹細胞科学とは
  • 霊長類の研究研究

背景:

  • ソマティック細胞核移転 (SCNT) は,患者特有の再生療法のための可能性を秘めています.
  • 以前の霊長類におけるSCNTの試みは,再プログラム効率と胚の発達に関する課題に直面した.

研究 の 目的:

  • Rhesus macaquesの成体体体細胞から胚性幹細胞 (ES) を導出するための改変したSCNT方法を開発する.
  • 霊長類における治療用クローニングの実現可能性を実証する.

主な方法:

  • レサス・マカクの成体皮膚線維芽細胞を用いた改変したSCNT技術を使用した.
  • その結果生じたブラストキスタから2つの胚性幹細胞系を分離し,特徴づけました.
  • 遺伝的アイデンティティとミトコンドリア起源を確認するためにDNA分析を行った.

主要な成果:

  • 改変されたSCNTを用いてレサス・マカクのブラストシストを成功裏に生成した.
  • 2つの胚性幹細胞系を分離し,正常な形質と主要な幹細胞マーカーを持つ.
  • 確認された核DNAはドナー細胞と一致し,ミトコンドリアDNAは卵細胞から発生した.
  • in vitroおよびin vivoの差異化によりプラリポテンシーが実証されています.

結論:

  • 大人の体細胞の核を再プログラムして,霊長類の多能性ES細胞に成功した.
  • 非ヒトの霊長類における治療用クローニングのための確立された概念証明.
  • これは霊長類における再生医療の潜在的応用への道を開いた.