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Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

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Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular...
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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
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Microtubules form through the end-to-end polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Kinetochore microtubules originate from the spindle poles, and their plus-ends connect with the kinetochores on sister-chromatids. Ndc80 protein complexes, present on the kinetochore, form low-affinity links with the plus end of these kinetochore microtubules.
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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Cargo Loading onto Kinesin Powered Molecular Shuttles
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キネシンは,ステップの間の間にどのように待っているのか.

Teppei Mori1, Ronald D Vale, Michio Tomishige

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Nature
|November 16, 2007
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

キネシン-1モータータンパク質は,ハンド・オーバー・ハンドの動きでマイクロチューブルに沿って移動します. 新しいsmFRETセンサは,キネシン-1が,運動中に主に2つのヘッド・バインド状態を使用し,ATPが不足したときに1つのヘッド・バインド状態に切り替えることを明らかにしています.

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Use of Stopped-Flow Fluorescence and Labeled Nucleotides to Analyze the ATP Turnover Cycle of Kinesins
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科学分野:

  • 分子運動タンパク質 分子運動タンパク質
  • セルラー輸送メカニズム セルラー輸送メカニズム
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • キネシン-1は,マイクロチューブルに沿って細胞内輸送に不可欠な二次運動タンパク質です.
  • その過程的運動性は,ATPの水解と,その2つの頭のハンド・オーバー・ハンドの動きに依存しています.
  • ステップ間のキネシン-1の"待機形状"について,特に束縛されたヘッドの数について議論されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 過程的運動中のキネシン-1ヘッドの結合状態を調査する.
  • マイクロチューブルにおけるキネシン-1の1頭結合状態と2頭結合状態を区別する.
  • キネシン-1のステップメカニズムにおけるATP濃度の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • 2つの異なる単一分子フォースター共振エネルギー転送 (smFRET) センサーの開発.
  • smFRETを使用して,マイクロチューブル転位中のキネシン-1ジメールの構造状態を検出する.
  • 異なるATP濃度下でのキネシン-1の行動を測定する.

主要な成果:

  • キネシン-1は,ATPが飽和しているときに,主に2つのヘッドに結合した形状を採用します.
  • 低ATP濃度では,キネシン-1は1頭結合の待機状態に入ります.
  • ATPレベルを制限する運動中に,2つの頭部に縛られた中間体への短い移行が起こります.

結論:

  • ATPaseサイクルとATPの可用性は,キネシン-1のヘッド・バインディング状態を決定する.
  • ATPaseサイクルトランジションが,ハンド・オーバー・ハンドの動きのために頭部を位置づけるモデルが提案されています.
  • これは,キネシン-1のプロセス運動性の基礎となるメカニズムを明確にします.