新しいVerrucomicrobia種のpH1以下でのメタノトロフィー
Arjan Pol1, Klaas Heijmans, Harry R Harhangi
1Department of Microbiology, IWWR, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Nature
|November 16, 2007
まとめ
科学者たちは新しい酸性細菌であるAcidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolVを発見し,極端な火山環境でもメタンを消費することができる. この発見は,厳しい環境下での微生物の生命とそのメタンの循環における役割についての理解を広げています.
科学分野:
- ゲオミクロバイオロジー
- 環境微生物学 環境微生物学
- バイオジオケミカルサイクル
背景:
- 泥の火山や煙突はメタンを放出し,生物学的メタン消費を示唆しています.
- 煙突内の極端な条件 (高温,低pH) は,既知のメタノトロフィック細菌を排除すると考えられていた.
- エアロビックメタンの酸化は,メタンモノオキシゲナーゼ (pmoA遺伝子) によって開始されます.
研究 の 目的:
- 極端な火山環境で繁栄できるメタノトロフ菌を特定する.
- ソルファタラ火山からの新しいメタン酸化細菌の特徴を特定するために.
- 地化学的に活発な地域におけるメタンの循環における微生物の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- ソルファタラ火山の泥と周辺の土壌からDNA抽出.
- pmoA遺伝子クローンライブラリの構築とシーケンシング.
- 極限条件 (50°C,pH2.0) の濃縮栽培である.
- 新しい酸性フィリルメタノトロフィック細菌の分離と特徴付け.
主要な成果:
- 環境DNAで新しい,遠く離れたpmoA遺伝子クラスターが特定されました.
- 酸性メタノトロフィック細菌であるAcidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolVが分離されました.
- このバクテリアはVerrucomicrobia族に属し,pHが0.8.8以下でも繁栄します.
- A. fumarolicum SolVは3つの異なるpmoA遺伝子を持ち,2つの環境配列が一致しています.
結論:
- Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum SolVは,Verrucomicrobia phylum.から最初に記述された酸性メタノトロフである.
- このバクテリアは,極端な火山環境でメタンの酸化に役割を果たしています.
- 似たようなバクテリアは,世界中で極端な環境で広く広がり,メタンの循環に寄与している可能性があります.
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