遺伝子サイレンシングは,CUTを両方向にカットします
Nick Proudfoot1, Monika Gullerova
1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Parks Rd., OX1 3RE, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. nicholas.proudfoot@path.ox.ac.uk
Cell
|November 21, 2007
まとめ
イーストのアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトは,遺伝子サイレンスを引き起こす可能性があります. エクソソームを損なうことによってこれらのトランスクリプトを安定させると,ヒストン脱酸化酵素の徴募につながり,新しい遺伝子調節機構を示しています.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
背景:
- ユカリオットのゲノムは,アンチセンセスのトランスクリプトと暗号的不安定トランスクリプト (CUT) を含む様々なRNA分子に広範に転写します.
- これらの非コーディングトランスクリプトの役割と規制は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 遺伝子調節におけるアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトの機能的役割を調査する.
- アンチセンセスの転写が遺伝子発現に影響を与えるかもしれないメカニズムを決定する.
主な方法:
- 芽生える酵母 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) をモデル生物として利用する.
- エクソソーム複合体を損なうテクニックを採用し,それ以外の不安定なトランスクリプトの安定化につながります.
- 安定したアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトに反応するヒストン脱酸化酵素 (HDAC) の徴募を分析する.
主要な成果:
- 安定したアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトが酵母における遺伝子静止を媒介することが示された.
- この遺伝子サイレンシングは,ヒストン脱酸化酵素の募集によって,遺伝子の位置をターゲットにすることを示した.
- エクソソーム障害が,制御機能のためのアンチセンセスのトランスクリプトを安定させるための鍵であることを示す証拠を提供した.
結論:
- アンチセンセスのトランスクリプトは,安定化すると,遺伝子の静止の強力な媒介者として作用することができます.
- ヒストン脱酸化酵素の募集は,反感覚媒介遺伝子静止経路の重要な構成要素です.
- この研究は,非コーディングRNAと表遺伝的改変を含む新しい遺伝子調節層を明らかにしています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
02:15Experimental RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
02:30siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:52Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a DNA...
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...