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関連する概念動画

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Mad2コンフォーメーションディマー: 構造とスパインドルアセンブリチェックポイントへの影響

Marina Mapelli1, Lucia Massimiliano, Stefano Santaguida

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, I-20139, Milan, Italy. marina.mapelli@ifom-ieo-campus.it

Cell
|November 21, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

Mad2タンパク質は,ユニークな二重体を形成することによって,細胞分裂を調節します. この結晶構造は,開いたと閉じたMad2コンフォマーが選択的に結合する方法を明らかにし,ミトーシス中の染色体エラーを防ぐために重要である.

さらに関連する動画

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
13:59

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos

Published on: June 14, 2012

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
13:59

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos

Published on: June 14, 2012

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis
08:33

Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

Published on: December 5, 2017

科学分野:

  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 構造生物学 構造生物学とは

背景:

  • Mad2タンパク質は,ミトーシス中の染色体分離のエラーを防ぐため,スパインドルアセンブリチェックポイントに不可欠です.
  • Mad2は2つの異なる形状 (開いた形状と閉じた形状) を表しており,Mad1とCdc20との特定の相互作用を形成しています.
  • 開いた (O-Mad2) と閉じた (C-Mad2) Mad2のコンフォーメーションディメールは,種間のスパインドルチェックポイント機能にとって不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • O-Mad2-C-Mad2コンフォーメーション二次元の結晶構造を決定する.
  • O-Mad2およびC-Mad2コンフォーマーの選択的二分化のための構造的基礎を解明する.
  • スピンドルチェックポイントの調節におけるMAD2の形状の変化の役割を理解する.

主な方法:

  • O-Mad2-C-Mad2コンフォーメーションディメールの構造を得るためのX線結晶学.
  • ディメリゼーションインターフェースと主要残留物を特定するための構造分析.
  • Mad2のトポロジカルな変化と機能と構造的な発見を相関させる.

主要な成果:

  • 結晶構造は,O-Mad2とC-Mad2.2の選択的二分化に責任を負う非対称なインターフェースを明らかにしています.
  • Mad2のトポロジカルトランジションと関連している再配置された埋もれた水害性残留物の識別.
  • ダイマー構造は,スパインドルチェックポイントのMad2関数の触媒モデルをサポートしています.

結論:

  • O-Mad2-C-Mad2ダイマー構造は,スピンドル組立チェックポイントメカニズムに関する重要な洞察を提供します.
  • 構造データは,チェックポイントの忠実に不可欠なMad2コンフォマー間の選択的相互作用を説明します.
  • この発見は,C-Mad2がCdc20へのO-Mad2結合を促進するテンプレートとして機能し,正確な染色体分離を確保するモデルを支持する.