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関連する概念動画

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

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According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
147
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation01:30

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

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Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often...
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Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

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Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

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The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
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Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

286
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
06:07

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プレバーバル幼児による社会的評価

J Kiley Hamlin1, Karen Wynn, Paul Bloom

  • 1Yale University, Department of Psychology, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8205, USA. kiley.hamlin@yale.edu

Nature
|November 23, 2007
PubMed
まとめ

6ヶ月の幼児は,第三者に対する行動に基づいて他人を評価することができます. 幼児の語学前におけるこの早期の社会的評価能力は,道徳の基礎を形成するかもしれない.

科学分野:

  • 発達心理学の心理学について
  • ソーシャル・コグニションとは
  • 進化心理学の心理学について

背景:

  • 社会的評価は,複雑な社会的環境をナビゲートする上で極めて重要です.
  • 大人は個人を迅速に評価しますが,この能力の発達的な起源は不明です.
  • 早期の社会的評価を理解することは,道徳的発展の理論を伝える.

研究 の 目的:

  • 赤ちゃんが他者に対する行動に基づいて個人を評価するかどうかを調査する.
  • 幼児期における社会的評価の発達的な出現を決定する.

主な方法:

  • 乳児 (6歳と10ヶ月) は,第三者に対する助け,妨害,または中立的な行動を示す個人を含むシナリオを提示されました.
  • 赤ちゃんの好みは,赤ちゃんの見張りの時間や個体間の選択を観察することで測定されました.

主要な成果:

  • 赤ちゃんは,他者を妨げている人よりも,他者を助ける人を好む.
  • 幼児は,中立的な個人に比べて,個人を助けることを好むことを示しました.
  • 赤ちゃんは,邪魔をする人よりも,中立的な人を好む.

結論:

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  • プレヴェルバルの幼児は,他者に対する親社会的または反社会的行動に基づいて個人を評価します.
  • この早期の社会評価能力は,道徳的判断のための生物学的根拠を示唆している.
  • 社会的評価は,社会的ナビゲーションをサポートする進化した適応であるという見解を支持する.