関連する実験動画
慢性疾患の予防のための介入の拡大:証拠
Thomas A Gaziano1, Gauden Galea, K Srinath Reddy
1Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. tgaziano@partners.org
Lancet (London, England)
|December 8, 2007
まとめ
慢性疾患に対する費用対効果の高い介入は,低・中所得国にとって極めて重要です. タバコの規制,塩の削減,心血管疾患の管理は,拡大拡大のための強力な実現可能性を示しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- 非伝染性疾患とは
背景:
- 慢性疾患は,特に低所得国や中所得国において,世界的な健康上の大きな負担となっている.
- 介入は,費用対効果が高く,財政的に実現可能で,広範な実施が可能でなければならない.
- 主要な慢性疾患に対する政策介入に関する既存の証拠は,包括的な見直しが必要である.
研究 の 目的:
- 慢性疾患に対する政策介入の費用対効果の見積もりを見直す.
- 様々な経済環境における介入の拡大の可行性を評価する.
- 心血管疾患,糖尿病,がん,慢性呼吸器疾患による罹病率と死亡率を低減するための効果的な戦略を特定する.
主な方法:
- 人口ベースの個人政策介入のための費用対効果データの体系的なレビュー.
- 低所得,中所得,高所得地域からのデータを含める.
- 効果または費用対効果に関するデータが限られている証拠のギャップの評価.
主要な成果:
- 強力な費用対効果の証拠は,たばこ対策の拡大を支持しています.
- 高リスクの心血管疾患患者のための塩分削減戦略と多剤療法が実現可能である.
- 心血管疾患の予防のために,飽和脂肪およびトランス脂肪の摂取量を減らすためのさらなる研究が推奨されています.
結論:
- 禁煙,塩分削減,心血管疾患管理の介入は,費用対効果が高く,規模を拡大することが可能である.
- ダイエット,保健システム,個人の行動をターゲットにした政策介入は,慢性疾患の負担を大幅に軽減することができます.
- 証拠に基づいた政策の実施は,慢性疾患の世界的な対処の鍵です.
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