低所得高齢者の高齢者介護管理:ランダム化制御試験
Steven R Counsell1, Christopher M Callahan, Daniel O Clark
1Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. scounsel@iupui.edu
JAMA
|December 13, 2007
まとめ
自宅での高齢者介護管理プログラムにより,低所得高齢者の生活の質が向上し,緊急診療所への訪問が減少しました. この介入は,健康関連の生活の質に関して様々な結果を示したが,高リスク患者の急性ケアの使用は減少した.
科学分野:
- ゲリアトリック・メディシン (老年医学)
- 医療サービス 研究 医療サービス
- プライマリーケア (プライマリーケア)
背景:
- 低所得の高齢者は,多くの場合,複数の慢性疾患を患っており,推奨されるケアを受けていません.
- 質の高い医療へのアクセスは,この集団にとって大きな課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- 高齢者介護管理モデルの有効性を評価する.
- 低所得高齢者に対する医療の質を向上させ,初等医療施設内の医療の質を向上させる.
主な方法:
- 低所得の65歳以上の951人の成人を対象とした臨床試験.
- ランダムに選ばれた患者は,自宅でのケア管理を受ける介入グループか,通常のケアグループに割り当てられました.
- 介入には,看護師とソーシャルワーカーによる2年間のケア,主治医とコラボレーション,そして高齢者ケアプロトコルを使用することが含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 介入グループは,一般的な健康,活力,社会的機能,精神的健康 (SF-36スコア) で有意な改善を示しました.
- 介入グループでは緊急治療室への訪問が減少した (1000人に1748人に対して1445人).
- 入院率は大きな差異はなかったが,介入群の高リスク患者では2年目より低い.
結論:
- 統合された家庭での高齢者介護管理は,介護の質を向上させ,高リスクで低所得の高齢者の急性ケアの使用を削減します.
- 健康に関連する生活の質の改善は混在しており,身体機能はグループによって異なります.
- ターゲティングを最適化し,急性ケア利用率の削減の費用対効果を評価するためにさらなる研究が必要です.
関連する概念動画
Methods of Documentation VI: Case Management Model
924
The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
For example, a patient with a chronic...
For example, a patient with a chronic...
924
Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
1.5K
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities
1.5K
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
395
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
395
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism
400
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
400
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
354
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
354
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
367
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
367

