地下石油貯蔵庫のメタノゲネシスによる原油の生物分解
D M Jones1, I M Head, N D Gray
1School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
Nature
|December 14, 2007
まとめ
貯水池における原油の生物分解は主にエアロビックではなく,無酸素細菌によって引き起こされます. このプロセスはメタンを生成し,劣化した油田からエネルギーを回収する可能性を秘めています.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- 石油工学は,石油工学である.
背景:
- 地下貯水池における原油の生物分解は,回収と精製コストを増加させる.
- エアロビック生物分解は以前は支配的と考えられていたが,現在では地下環境で無酸素プロセスがより一般的であると認識されている.
研究 の 目的:
- 石油貯蔵庫における炭化水素分解のメカニズムを解明する.
- 油の組成の変化とガス発生における無酸素生物分解の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 炭化水素の組成と生成されたガスを監視する実験室のマイクロコスム実験.
- ガスと石油のサンプルにおける炭素同位体組成の分析.
- レイリー同位体分化ボックスモデルの適用.
主要な成果:
- メタノジェニック条件下で実験室での生物分解は,貯水池で観察された炭化水素クラスの連続的な除去を複製しました.
- n-アルケンの優先除去により,主に水素性メタノゲネシスによってメタンが生成されます.
- 炭化水素変化の一貫したパターンと,乾燥ガスと生物分解油との関連が観察されました.
結論:
- 一般的なメタノゲン生物分解機構が,地下油貯蔵庫の炭化水素変異を誘発している可能性が高い.
- このプロセスは,油の分解と乾燥ガス生産の観察されたパターンを説明します.
- 自然メタノゲン生物分解の加速は,劣化した油田からの経済的エネルギー回収を可能にすることができる.
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