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3ヒドロキシプロピオネート/4ヒドロキシブチラートのオートロフィック二酸化炭素同化経路が,アルカイアに存在する

Ivan A Berg¹, Daniel Kockelkorn, Wolfgang Buckel

¹Mikrobiologie, Fakultät Biologie, Universität Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 15, 2007

まとめ

この研究は,アセチル-共酵素A (アセチル-CoA) 炭酸塩酵素を用いて,アーケオンメタロスフィエラ・セドゥラ (Metallosphaera sedula) の新しい二酸化炭素 (CO2) 固定経路を発見した. この経路は,広範な遺伝子分布と豊富な酵素配列によって証明されているように,地球規模の炭素循環にとって極めて重要です.

科学分野:

バイオケミストリーバイオケミストリー
微生物学微生物学とは
地質化学地質化学

背景:

二酸化炭素の吸収は,生物合成の基本的なプロセスである.
オートロフィック・アーケアは,地球規模の生地化学サイクルにおいて重要な役割を果たしています.

研究の目的:

Metallosphaera sedulaのCO2固定経路を解明するために.
グローバルな炭素循環におけるこの経路の普及と重要性を評価する.

主な方法:

酵素測定は,主要な炭酸酸化酵素を特定するために行われます.
関連種の経路遺伝子を特定するためのゲノム解析.
シーケンスのデータベースのバイオ情報分析 (グローバル・オーシャン・サンプリング).

主要な成果:

Metallosphaera sedulaは,アセチル-CoA/プロピオニル-CoAカルボキシラーゼを用いてCO2を固定する.
新しい還元経路は,アセチル-CoAとバイカーボネートをサクシニル-CoAに変換し,次に4-ヒドロキシブチラートに変換し,4-ヒドロキシブチリ-CoA脱水酵素を介してアセチル-CoAを再生します.
この経路の鍵となる遺伝子は,様々な古生物種 (Sulfolobus, Archaeoglobus, Cenarchaeum) に存在しています.
4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA脱水酵素配列は海洋環境で豊富に存在し,リブルース-1,5-ビスホスファートカルボキシラーゼ-オキシゲナーゼに匹敵する.

結論:

考古学では,以前未知のCO2固定経路が存在しています.
この経路は,4-hydroxybutyryl-CoA脱水酵素によって媒介され,世界の炭素循環に大きく貢献しています.

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