クジラは,インドのエオセンの時代の水生アルティオダクティルから生まれた
J G M Thewissen1, Lisa Noelle Cooper, Mark T Clementz
1Department of Anatomy, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA. thewisse@neoucom.edu
Nature
|December 22, 2007
まとめ
化石の証拠は,絶滅した南アジアのラオエルディス,特にインドヒウスが,初期のクジラの最も近い親類であることを明らかにしています. この発見は,クジラの祖先は,クジラ族の進化前に水生ワッダーであったことを強調しています.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 比較解剖学 比較解剖学とは
背景:
- 鯨類 (クジラ) の進化史には,彼らの陸上の祖先を理解する点でギャップがあります.
- クジラは,まっすぐ足の爪を持つ動物 (アルチオダクティル) と関係があることが知られているが,形質学的に似た祖先が欠けていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 初期のクジラの姉妹群を特定し,水生生物への移行を明らかにするために.
- 化石の証拠を用いて,アルチオダクティルとケータセアの関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- 化石骨格の比較形態学的分析で,耳の構造,前頭骨,四肢の骨密度に焦点を当てました.
- 歯の安定酸素同位体分析により,生息地や食生活を推測する.
- 進化的関係を決定するための系統遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- エオセンの南アジアのラオellids,特にIndohyusは,クジラの姉妹グループとして識別されています.
- Indohyusは,耳と前頭骨の構造,密度の高い四肢の骨,および同位体歯の組成においてクジラのような特徴を示しています.
- 証拠は,ラオリッダの重要な食生活変化と半水生生活様式を示唆し,クジラ類の起源を先行しています.
結論:
- ラオエルドは,鯨類に最も近い既知のアルティオダクティル類の親族を代表しています.
- クジラ系における水生適応は,クジラ族 (Cetacea) の出現以前に始まった.
- この研究は,クジラの進化と海洋生物への移行を理解する上で重要なギャップを埋めています.
関連する概念動画
The Colonization of Land
Changes in the environment of the early Earth drove the evolution of organisms. As prokaryotic organisms in the oceans began to photosynthesize, they produced oxygen. Eventually, oxygen saturated the oceans and entered the air, resulting in an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, known as the oxygen revolution approximately 2.3 billion years ago. Therefore, organisms that could use oxygen for cellular respiration had an advantage. More than 1.5 years ago, eukaryotic cells and...
What is Evolutionary History?
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
The Tree of Life - Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
The “tree of life” describes the evolution of life and the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The root of the tree is the common ancestor to all life on Earth. All other species radiate from this point, much like the branches of a tree. The numerous tips of these branches on the tree of life represent every living, or extant, species. Extinct species, which are species that no longer exist, can be found towards the center of the tree. Currently, these organisms, both extant and...
Eukaryotic Evolution
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...


