人間の体細胞を定義された因子で多能性へと再プログラムする
In-Hyun Park1, Rui Zhao, Jason A West
1Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|December 25, 2007
まとめ
科学者は4つの特定の要因を使用して,ヒト細胞を誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) に再プログラムしました. この突破は,研究および潜在的な治療のための患者特有の細胞生成を可能にします.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 幹細胞の研究について
背景:
- 多能性とは,細胞が任意の細胞タイプに分化する能力である.
- 胚性幹細胞は,組織形成を理解するために極めて重要です.
- 誘発性多能幹細胞 (iPS) は新しい研究機会を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間の原始細胞からiPS細胞を導出する.
- ヒト細胞における定義された転写因子の再プログラミングの可能性を調査する.
- 患者特有の多能細胞を生成する方法を確立する.
主な方法:
- Oct4,Sox2,Klf4,Mycの転写因子の子宮外発現について.
- 胎児,新生児,成人ヒトの皮膚線維芽細胞を再プログラムする.
- 形質学,遺伝子発現,テラトーマ形成を通じて,ヒトから派生したiPS細胞の特徴化.
主要な成果:
- 様々な原始的なヒト細胞タイプからヒトのiPS細胞を成功裏に生成しました.
- 人間のiPS細胞は,胚性幹細胞に似た特徴を示した.
- テロトーマ形成の能力を in vivo で実証した.
結論:
- 定義された転写因子は,人間の体細胞を多能状態に再プログラムすることができます.
- この方法は,患者特有のiPS細胞を作成するための経路を提供します.
- 再生医療と疾患モデリングの大きな可能性を秘めています.
さらに関連する動画
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関連する概念動画
01:29Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
01:24Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
01:32Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
01:06Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Somatic cells are...
01:13Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
01:13Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...