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関連する概念動画

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 12, 2026

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo
10:51

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Published on: October 31, 2014

MazFはmRNAインターフェラーゼで,多細胞型Myxococcus発達の過程でプログラム細胞死を媒介する.

Hirofumi Nariya1, Masayori Inouye

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Cell
|January 15, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

Myxococcus xanthusでは,毒素-抗毒素系が発達中のプログラム細胞死を調節する. MazF毒素は細胞解離に不可欠であり,その調節体MrpCは抗毒素と活性化剤の両方として作用する.

科学分野:

  • バクテリア学 バクテリア学
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは

背景:

  • 毒素-抗毒素系は,ストレス下でのプロカリオットの成長を調節する.
  • E. coliのMazF毒素は,mRNAをACA配列で分裂させ,タンパク質合成を阻害し,細胞成長の停止を引き起こします.
  • Myxococcus xanthusは,多細胞発達の過程で重要な細胞解離を経験する.

研究 の 目的:

  • Myxococcus xanthusの発達における単一のmazF遺伝子の役割を調査する.
  • mazF発現とその抗毒素を制御する規制メカニズムを特定する.
  • バクテリアのプログラム細胞死におけるMazF毒素の機能を理解するために.

主な方法:

  • Myxococcus xanthus.でmazFの遺伝子消去分析を行った.
  • mazF.と相互作用する調節タンパク質の特定.
  • リン酸化アッセイは,キナーゼカスケード調節を研究するためのものです.

主要な成果:

  • mazFの削除は,M. xanthusの発達中に必須の細胞死を排除しました.
  • 発達調節剤であるMrpCは,MazFの抗毒素とmazFの転写活性化剤の両方として機能します.

さらに関連する動画

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG
12:23

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

Published on: May 16, 2017

Fluorescence Live-cell Imaging of the Complete Vegetative Cell Cycle of the Slow-growing Social Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
11:45

Fluorescence Live-cell Imaging of the Complete Vegetative Cell Cycle of the Slow-growing Social Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

Published on: June 20, 2018

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo
10:51

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Published on: October 31, 2014

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG
12:23

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

Published on: May 16, 2017

Fluorescence Live-cell Imaging of the Complete Vegetative Cell Cycle of the Slow-growing Social Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
11:45

Fluorescence Live-cell Imaging of the Complete Vegetative Cell Cycle of the Slow-growing Social Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus

Published on: June 20, 2018

  • Ser/ThroughキナーゼカスケードによるMrpCのリン酸化は,mrpCとmazFの転写を否定的に調節する.

    • 結論:

    • MazF毒素は,バクテリアの発達的にプログラムされた細胞死のために,規制された方法で展開されます.
    • MrpCは,MazFの活動と転写を規制する二重の役割を果たしています.
    • この研究は,発達中の細菌の細胞死を制御するための新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.