母親と子供の栄養不良:国家レベルでの効果的な行動
Jennifer Bryce1, Denise Coitinho, Ian Darnton-Hill
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. jbryce@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|January 22, 2008
まとめ
20カ国で栄養不良に対処することは,世界保健目標を達成するための鍵です. 効果的な介入は,厳しい妊娠期から24ヶ月の窓までに焦点を当て,強力な政策とデータによって支えられ,拡大する必要があります.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生 栄養 栄養について
- 国際開発国際開発
- 母親と子供の健康について
背景:
- 栄養不良の子どもたちの80%は,栄養不良の負担が高い20カ国で暮らしています.
- 既存の栄養介入は孤立した成功を収めているが,規模や政策の支持は得られていない.
- ミレニアム開発目標 (MDGs) 1,4,5は,栄養不良によって著しく影響されています.
研究 の 目的:
- 最も負担が大きい国における栄養不良に対処するための行動を評価する.
- 国家レベルの栄養プログラムにおける主要な課題と効果的な戦略を特定する.
- 改善された母子栄養の成果を導くための政策と実践を導く.
主な方法:
- 栄養介入のシステマティック・レビュー
- 高負担国からのベストプラクティスレポートの分析.
- 栄養行動の実施における7つの主要な課題を特定し,報告する.
主要な成果:
- 7つの重要な課題が特定されました:優先順位付け,効果的な介入,拡大,ターゲット集団へのアクセス,データ活用,能力構築.
- 証明された介入は,妊娠から24ヶ月までの期間に焦点を当てて,迅速でスケール化された実施を必要とします.
- 非効率的または実証されていない単独プログラム (成長モニタリング,学校給食など) は,栄養資源を消費すべきではありません.
結論:
- 国家レベルのコミットメント,証拠に基づいた介入,スケールアップの実施は,栄養不良の軽減に不可欠です.
- 持続可能な改善のためには,健康への介入と並行して統合された経済・社会政策が必要である.
- 既存の国内専門知識を活用し,知識の共有を公式化することは,将来の研究と問題解決に不可欠です.
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