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根本的な鳥の翼のストロークは,飛行の進化について新しい視点を提供します
Kenneth P Dial1, Brandon E Jackson, Paolo Segre
1Flight Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA. kdial@mso.umt.edu
Nature
|January 25, 2008
まとめ
陸上の鳥は,生命の初期に独特の翼拍を発達させ,鳥の飛行進化を理解する上で極めて重要です. この発見は,飛行の起源に関する以前の理論に挑戦しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- バイオメカニクス バイオメカニクス
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
背景:
- 鳥の飛行の起源は,長年にわたる議論であり,理論は樹木 (樹木の住居) またはカーソリアル (走行) の起源に焦点を当てています.
- 進化の文脈における翼のストロークのダイナミクスに関する経験的データは欠けています.
研究 の 目的:
- 羽ばたき飛行への移行期における,未成年地上の鳥の翼拍動学を調査する.
- 鳥の飛行の進化に関する既存の仮説に異議を唱える経験的データを提供すること.
主な方法:
- 羽ばたき運動の比較分析 羽ばたき運動の比較分析 羽ばたき運動の比較分析 羽ばたきから成人期までの地上の鳥の羽ばたき運動
- 降下飛行と傾斜フラップランニングを含む主要な運動モードの観察,レベルフラップ飛行につながる.
主要な成果:
- 陸上の鳥は,発達過程で狭い範囲 (重力に対して20度未満) の翼を動かす.
- この翼のストロークは,水平から約40度上の空気力学力を発生させ,移動方向の180度範囲を可能にします.
- 結果は,一般的な認識と,フライトの起源に関する以前の推論と矛盾しています.
結論:
- オントジェネティック・トランジション・ウィング仮説が提案されています.
- この仮説は,飛行の進化段階が,オントゲネティックな形態で見られる発達段階と一致することを示唆している.
- この研究は,発達動力学に基づいた鳥の飛行の進化を理解するための新しい枠組みを提供します.
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