都市化と国家の富
David E Bloom1, David Canning, Günther Fink
1Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. dbloom@hsph.harvard.edu
まとめ
都市化は所得と相関しているが,経済成長率には影響はない. 都市部生活を奨励または阻止する政策は,この経済成長の証拠によって支持されていません.
科学分野:
- 経済学 エコノミクス
- 都市学は都市研究である.
- 開発研究 開発研究
背景:
- 都市化は国民所得レベルと密接に関連しています.
- 都市部では,スケール経済や市場構造などの経済的利点があります.
- 都市部で働く労働者は,農村部で働く労働者に比べて,しばしば高い生産性と収入を示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 都市化レベルと経済成長率との関係を調査する.
- 経済成長の文脈において,都市化の利益がそれに伴う課題を上回るかどうかを評価する.
主な方法:
- 都市部の人口の割合と所得水準との相関の分析.
- 都市化レベルが経済成長率に与える影響を検討し,潜在的な障害を考慮する.
- 都市生産性と関連する課題に関する既存の証拠のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 国の都市化レベルと所得との間に強い正の相関関係がある.
- 都市化は,生産性を高める要因 (スケール経済,市場構造) と害 (混雑,環境問題) の両方を提示しています.
- 都市化のレベルが経済成長率に影響を与えるという統計的に有意な証拠は見つかりませんでした.
結論:
- この調査の結果は,経済成長を促進するために都市化を促進したり,それを制限したりする政策を支持するものではありません.
- 都市化と経済成長の複雑な関係は,微妙な政策アプローチの必要性を示唆しています.
- 都市化が経済発展に及ぼす長期的な間接的な影響を理解するために,さらなる研究が必要になるかもしれません.
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