ワイオミングの原始的な初期エオセンのコウモリと,飛行とエコロケーションの進化
Nancy B Simmons1, Kevin L Seymour, Jörg Habersetzer
1American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024, USA. simmons@amnh.org
Nature
|February 14, 2008
まとめ
初期エオセンの新発見のコウモリ化石は,コウモリ進化の初期に洞察を与えてくれる. この原始的なコウモリは飛べていたが,おそらくエコーロケーションが欠けていたため",最初に飛んだ"という仮説を支持している.
科学分野:
- パレオントロジー・パレオントロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- マンモロジーは,哺乳類学です.
背景:
- 蝙蝠 (Chiroptera) は,現在存在する種の5分の1を占める非常に多様な哺乳類群である.
- 蝙蝠の単一性 (monophyly) は支持されているが,その初期の進化と飛行とエコロケーションの起源は未だに十分に理解されていない.
- 化石記録は,これらの初期の進化的移行についての限られた洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 初期のエオセンのグリーン・リバー・フォーメーションからの新しい,原始的なコウモリ化石を記述する.
- コウモリにおける飛行とエコーロケーションの進化経路を調査する.
- 初期のカイロプテラの祖先の飛行様式と運動を再構築する.
主な方法:
- ワイオミングの初期エオセンの新しい化石蝙蝠標本の記述.
- 現存するコウモリや,飛べない哺乳類との比較を基因遺伝学的に説明する.
- 前肢,耳,翼の形状,そして四肢の比率の分析.
主要な成果:
- この新しい化石は,これまでに知られているどの蝙蝠よりも原始的な特徴を示しています.
- 前肢の解剖学は,動力飛行能力を示すが,耳の形状は,エコロケーションの欠如を示唆する.
- 翼の形状は,波状の滑り飛ぶ飛行スタイルを暗示し,長いカルカーは,尾膜がエアプロイルとして初期の進化を示しています.
結論:
- この発見は,キロプトリアン進化の"飛行先"仮説を裏付けている.
- 原始的なコウモリは,おそらく波動的な飛行スタイルを持ち,尾の膜を翼として利用していた.
- 化石は,初期のコウモリが,四足の移動と枝の下にぶら下がる可能性を秘めた敏捷な登山者であったことを示しています.
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