プレート運動における下部マントル板の浸透段階の証拠
Saskia Goes1, Fabio A Capitanio, Gabriele Morra
1Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. s.goes@imperial.ac.uk
Nature
|February 22, 2008
まとめ
若いプレートは,平坦に横たわる古いプレートとは異なり,下層マントルにより速くひび割れ,沈んでいく. サブドクションのダイナミクスのこの違いは,地球に影響を及ぼします.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- テクトニクス (地質学) とは
- マントラダイナミクス マントラダイナミクス
背景:
- 冷たい石層の潜水は,地球のプレート構造とマントルのコンベクションの鍵です.
- 下層マントルへの潜水板の浸透のメカニズムと範囲は,依然として議論されている.
- 下層マントルのスラブの浸透は,地球の化学的および熱的進化に重大な影響を及ぼします.
研究 の 目的:
- 下層マントルへの潜水板の浸透の出来事を特定するために.
- リトスフィアの年齢が潜水動力学とマントルの浸透に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- 地球の潜水地帯におけるケノゾイクプレート運動の比較と,動的上層マントルのモデル.
- 下降板の密度によって動かされるモデル.
- 沈下した物質の分布を示す地震画像の分析.
主要な成果:
- 古い石層は,プレート密度に基づくモデルと一致する速度で沈殿します.
- 若年層の石層 (<60 Myr) は,最小限の溝の動きで,最大2倍の速さで沈殿します.
- 地震データは,上下マントルの両方に潜水した物質の分布のモデルをサポートしています.
結論:
- 若年層の石層は,下層マントルと接触すると,曲がりくねって厚くなって浮気力と沈没速度を高めます.
- 古い石層は,下層マントルの移行地帯の上に平坦に横たわる傾向があります.
- この年齢に依存するメカニズムは,下層マントルの急速な浸透を促進し,時間に依存するマントルの流れを示します.
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