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Updated: Jul 7, 2026
14:56
Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
Published on: April 6, 2019
新興感染症の世界的な傾向
Kate E Jones1, Nikkita G Patel, Marc A Levy
1Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK.
Nature
|February 22, 2008
まとめ
新興感染症 (EID) は,環境的,社会的要因によって引き起こされ,世界中で増加しています. ほとんどのEIDは野生動物,特に低緯度の地域から発生しますが,疾病の監視と制御のために世界的なリソースは誤って割り当てられています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- 病気の生態学 病気の生態学
背景:
- 新興感染症 (EID) は,世界的な健康と経済に重大な脅威をもたらしています.
- EIDの出現の原動力は,社会経済的,環境的,生態学的要因と関連しています.
- 以前の研究では,グローバルなEIDパターンとドライバーの比較分析が欠けていました.
研究 の 目的:
- EIDの起源のグローバルな時間的,空間的なパターンを分析する.
- EIDの出現と社会経済的,環境的,生態学的要因の間の相関を特定する.
- 将来のEIDの発生リスクが高い地域 ("ホットスポット") を特定する.
主な方法:
- 1940年から2004年までの335のEIDイベントのデータベースの分析.
- 報告のバイアスを制御し,時間的な傾向を特定するための統計分析.
- EIDの起源を様々なグローバル要因と結びつけるための相関分析.
主要な成果:
- EIDの事件は,時間とともに著しく増加し,1980年代にピークに達しました.
- 主に野生動物から発生する動物性感染症は,EIDの発生を主導し,増加しています.
- バクテリア性およびラケット性EIDが一般的であり,薬剤耐性微生物の増加を示しています.
- EIDの起源は,社会経済的,環境的,生態学的要因と大きく相関しています.
- 報告の努力が少ない低緯度地域では,動物性感染症やベクトル感染によるEIDのリスクが高いことが示されています.
結論:
- EIDの監視と管理のためのグローバルなリソースは,配分が不十分です.
- 現在の取り組みは,将来のEIDの源となる可能性が低い地域に集中しています.
- EIDの"ホットスポット"を特定することは,効果的な世界保健安全保障に不可欠です.
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