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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Radical Formation: Addition00:47

Radical Formation: Addition

Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an unpaired...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
06:56

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions

Published on: October 10, 2016

トリスフェナレニル基の中性基の分子導体である.

Sushanta K Pal1, Mikhail E Itkis, Fook S Tham

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 1, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,新しいトリシウム (1,9-非置換フェナレニル) シリコン中性基を合成し,特徴づけました. これらの分子は,固体状態で弱いpi-ダイマー包装を示し,低温で反鉄磁気結合を示します.

科学分野:

  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学
  • 有機化学 オーガニック・ケミストリー
  • 固体物理 固体物理学

背景:

  • フェナレニルラジカルは,独自の電子および磁気特性で知られています.
  • 新しい根系システムの開発は,分子電子とスピントロニクスの進歩に不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • Tris{1,9-非置換フェナレニル) シリコン中性ラジカルの新しいファミリーの合成と特徴付けについて報告する.
  • これらの新しいラジカルの固体状態の包装,磁気特性,および電気伝導性を調査するために.

主な方法:

  • 構造分析のための単結晶X線 difraktion. 構造分析のための単結晶X線 difraktion.
  • マグネットの振る舞いを決定する磁気感受性の測定.
  • 電気伝導性の測定は,四探査法を用いて行われます.

主要な成果:

  • Tris ((1,9-非置換フェナレニル) シリコン中性基幹ファミリーの最初のメンバーが成功裏に準備され結晶化されました.
  • 固体特性分析により,バン・デル・ワールスの距離に近い分子間C-C接触を持つ弱小の部分的なピディメール包装が明らかになった.
  • 磁気感受性は分子あたり約0.7キュリースピンで,50K以下で反鉄磁気結合が観察された.

さらに関連する動画

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
06:56

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions

Published on: October 10, 2016

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
10:44

Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals

Published on: April 19, 2019

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
08:46

Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)

Published on: November 22, 2016

  • 室温単結晶の伝導性は2.4×10−6S cm−1で測定されました.

    • 結論:

    • この研究は,興味深い固体特性を持つ,シリコンを中心とした中性急端の新種を提示しています.
    • 観測されたピダイメリゼーションと磁気結合は,分子材料での応用の可能性を示唆しています.
    • この過激な家族における構造-財産関係に関するさらなる研究が必要である.