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03:13Intermolecular Forces
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
03:13Intermolecular Forces
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
01:29Covalent Bonds
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells they create a covalent bond. An atom’s electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.A Covalent...
01:08Covalent Bonds
Overview
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
When two atoms share electrons to complete their valence shells, they create a covalent bond. An atom's electronegativity—the force with which shared electrons are pulled towards an atom—determines how the electrons are shared. Molecules formed with covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar. Atoms with similar electronegativities form nonpolar covalent bonds; the electrons are shared equally. Atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating polar bonds.
01:30The Electrical Double Layer
In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
01:24Van der Waals Interactions
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.Polar molecules have a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end of the molecule,...
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Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications
Published on: August 15, 2018
なぜ水-水害性のインターフェースが充電されているのか?
Konstantin N Kudin1, Roberto Car
1Department of Chemistry and Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of Materials (PRISM), Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 4, 2008
まとめ
酸化水素とヒドロニウムイオンは,電荷非対称性により,水害性のインターフェイスで表面活性物質として作用します. これは,水中の水害性の表面が負の電荷を持つようになった理由を説明し,生物学とポリマー科学に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 物理化学 物理化学について
- 表面科学とは,地表科学である.
- コンピューティング・ケミストリー
背景:
- 水性環境における水性表面は,しばしば純電荷を取得する.
- インターフェースにおけるイオンの振る舞いは,様々な化学的および生物学的プロセスを理解するために極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 計算シミュレーションを使用して,水酸化物と水素イオンの水嫌性のインターフェイスでの振る舞いを調査する.
- イオン吸附と水嫌界面での表面充電の背後にある分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- Ab initio分子動力学シミュレーションが採用されました.
- シミュレーションは,イオンの相互作用と,モデル化水性炭化水素表面との相互作用に焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- ヒドロキシドとヒドロニウムイオンの両方,水嫌性のインターフェイスでアンフィフィリック表面活性剤のような行動を示します.
- この振る舞いは,イオン内の非対称な電荷分布によって引き起こされ,水性および水性愛性の異なる端を作り出します.
- この効果は,ヒドロキシドイオンでは,ヒドロニウムイオンと比較してより顕著です.
- シミュレーションの結果は,負の電荷を持つ水害性表面の実験観察と一致しています.
結論:
- イオンの非対称な分子電荷分布が,水害性表面との相互作用を決定する.
- この現象は,水中の疎水面の負の電荷に対する分子レベルの説明を提供します.
- この発見は,生物学,ポリマー科学,材料科学などの分野に重大な影響を及ぼします.