真ん中と下層の地殻は,融解の移動によって引き起こされるほぼ同熱状態です
Gabriela V Depine1, Christopher L Andronicos, Jason Phipps-Morgan
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. gvd2@cornell.edu
Nature
|March 7, 2008
まとめ
長期にわたるプラトン主義は,準安定状態の地熱を生み出し,高温変形と地殻の弱体化につながります. この熱的構造は,オロゲンにおける観測された変形条件を説明し,発掘などの後の地質学的プロセスに影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 地質物理学 地質物理学とは地質物理学です.
- メタモルフ Petrology メタモルフペトロロジー
- テクトニクス (地質学) とは
背景:
- 地殻の熱構造は,メタモルフィズムやプラトニズムなどの地質学的プロセスに不可欠です.
- 標準的な地熱グラデントモデルは,高温の変形地層からの観測と矛盾しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 観測された地殻の熱構造を説明するために,溶融の移動を組み込む熱モデルを開発する.
- プラトゥニズムが地熱および変形条件に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- シンプルな1次元の熱モデルの開発.
- モデルに溶融移行と脱水溶融反応を組み込むこと.
主要な成果:
- モデルは,上層地殻の急速な加熱と,中下層地殻の同熱条件を持つ準安定状態の地熱を予測しています.
- 溶融による上向きの熱誘導は,粒状岩とアンダルサイト-シリマニット変異を誘導する.
- 高温と地殻の中下部のアナテキスは,地殻の弱まりと重力崩壊につながります.
結論:
- 融解の移動とプラトゥニズムは地殻の熱構造を大幅に変化させ,特定の変形面の条件を生み出します.
- モデル化された準安定状態の地熱は,理論的な予測と発掘されたオロゲンベルトからの観測を調和させる.
- 脱水融解反応による熱バッファリングは,地熱の形成と地殻の変形を促進する上で重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
02:32Bonding in Metals
57.0K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
57.0K
02:39Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing
15.7K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.7K
01:21Isothermal Processes
5.4K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
5.4K
01:12Temperature Dependent Deformation
670
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
670
01:24Solid–Solid Solutions
108
The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
108
01:29Diversity of Archaea IV
611
Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...
611