植物遺伝子インプリントの細胞プログラミング
Jin Hoe Huh1, Matthew J Bauer, Tzung-Fu Hsieh
1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|March 11, 2008
まとめ
遺伝子インプリントは,アレルの差異的発現であり,開花植物と哺乳類で独立して進化した. 植物では,内精子へのインプリントは,双重受精と共に共進化して,パートニオゲネティックな発達を防ぐ可能性がある.
科学分野:
- 植物生物学 植物生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
背景:
- 遺伝子インプリントは,母性アレルと父性アレルの差異表現であり,哺乳類と開花植物において独立して進化した.
- 花咲く植物は,一種の精子が卵を受精して胚を形成し,もう一種の精子が中央細胞を受精してエンドスペルムを形成するユニークな二重受精プロセスを示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 発芽植物内精子における遺伝子インプリントのメカニズムと進化的意義を調査する.
- 双重受精とインプリントの潜在的共進化を調査し,パートノゲネティックエンドスペルムの発達を防止する.
主な方法:
- 受精前の中央細胞と精子におけるDNA脱メチル化とヒストンのメチル化パターンの分析.
- 比較ゲノミクスと進化的分析により,開花植物におけるインプリントの起源を理解する.
主要な成果:
- DNA脱メチル化とヒストンのメチル化を含むエンドスペルムの遺伝子インプリントメカニズムは,受精前に中央細胞と精子で開始されます.
- 遺伝子インプリントと二重受精が,開花植物で共進化した可能性があるという証拠があります.
結論:
- この研究は,開花植物エンドスペルムの遺伝子インプリントの複雑な表遺伝子学的調節を強調しています.
- 二重受精とインプリントの共進化は,適切な発達を確保し,エンドスペルムのパートノゲネシスを防止するメカニズムとして提案されています.
関連する概念動画
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
30.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
30.2K
Transgenic Plants
7.0K
Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...
7.0K
Cell Signaling in Plants
4.5K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
4.5K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming
1.3K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
1.3K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K


