SAR11海洋バクテリアは,成長のために外因的な低硫黄を必要とします
H James Tripp1, Joshua B Kitner, Michael S Schwalbach
1Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Nature
|March 14, 2008
まとめ
豊富なSAR11海洋バクテリアは,硫酸塩を硫黄に処理することはできません. 代わりに,彼らは生存のために他のプランクトンから得られたメチオニンやDMSPのような減少硫黄化合物を独占的に利用します.
科学分野:
- マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
- バイオジオケミカルサイクルとは
- バクテリアの代謝
背景:
- 硫黄はすべての生命にとって不可欠であり,アミノ酸や有機分子に組み込まれています.
- エアロビック海洋細菌は通常,硫黄の生物合成のために硫酸還元を使用します.
- 豊富なSAR11クラド (アルファプロテオバクテリア) は,重要な硫酸縮小遺伝子が欠けていると推測されました.
研究 の 目的:
- SAR11バクテリア群の硫黄獲得戦略を調査する.
- SAR11バクテリアが同化性硫酸還元を行うことができるかどうかを判断する.
- SAR11によって利用される硫黄の代替源を特定する.
主な方法:
- "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique" (SAR11) のゲノム解析について.
- 海洋メタゲノミクスデータセットの分析.
- 異なる減少硫黄源 (メチオニン,DMSP) を使った栽培実験.
主要な成果:
- SAR11ゲノムには,同化性硫酸塩還元のための必須遺伝子が欠けている.
- "Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique"は,成長のために外因的な減少硫黄化合物を必要とします.
- SAR11の成長は,3-ジメチルスルフォニオプロピオネート (DMSP) の利用可能性と正比である.
結論:
- SAR11バクテリアは硫酸塩を同化することができません.
- このクラードは,DMSPのような外部から調達された還元硫黄化合物のみに依存しています.
- SAR11の独特の硫黄代謝は,海洋生地化学硫黄循環に影響を与える.
さらに関連する動画
09:49Prospecting Microbial Strains for Bioremediation and Probiotics Development for Metaorganism Research and Preservation
Published on: October 31, 2019
08:11Adaptation at the Extremes of Life: Experimental Evolution with the Extremophile Archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Published on: June 14, 2024
関連する概念動画
Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, heliobacteria, and...
Sulfur Assimilation
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to become...
Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...
Microbes and the Sulfur Cycle
Sulfur is a vital element in Earth's biogeochemical systems. It transitions through various inorganic states, including sulfate (SO₄²⁻), elemental sulfur (S⁰), and sulfide (S²⁻). Abiotic and biological mechanisms across oxic and anoxic environments intricately mediate these transformations. Sulfate, the most oxidized form of sulfur, is predominantly stored in rocks, marine sediments, and oceanic waters, acting as a long-term reservoir in the global sulfur cycle.In oxic environments,...
Marine Microbial Ecology
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology
The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
