レトロトランスポゾン媒介の遺伝子複製が,トマトの果実の形態学的変化の基礎となっている
Han Xiao1, Ning Jiang, Erin Schaffner
1Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
まとめ
レトロトランスポゾンを含む遺伝子複製イベントにより,SUN遺伝子が生成され,トマトの長方形の果実の形が生まれました. これは,植物ゲノム進化と現象型変化の原動力としてのレトロトランポゾンを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 植物遺伝学 植物遺伝学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- トマトの果実の形状の多様性は,野菜作物において顕著である.
- SUN遺伝子は,トマトの伸びた果実形態の重要な調節因子である.
研究 の 目的:
- トマトの果実の形に起因するSUN遺伝子を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 果実の形態学の進化の基礎となるゲノムメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- SUN遺伝子のポジショナルのクローン.
- 遺伝子の複製イベントの分析.
- レトロトランスポゾン活動の調査.
- 遺伝子発現分析. 遺伝子発現分析. 遺伝子発現分析. 遺伝子発現分析.
主要な成果:
- SUN遺伝子は,IQ67ドメインを含むタンパク質をコードする.
- ライダーレトロトランスポゾンによって媒介された24.7キロ塩基基の遺伝子複製イベントにより,SUNロカスが生成されました.
- SUNの新しいゲノム的な文脈は,遺伝子発現の増加と伸びた果実の形をもたらしました.
結論:
- レトロトランポゾンは,植物における遺伝子複製と有意な現象的進化を促すことができる.
- SUN遺伝子複製は,ゲノム再編成が作物の特徴にどのように影響するかを理解するためのモデルを提供します.
関連する概念動画
Gene Duplication and Divergence
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Overview of Transposition and Recombination
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
LTR Retrotransposons
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
DNA-only Transposons
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...


