今後数十年で水浄化のための科学と技術
Mark A Shannon1, Paul W Bohn, Menachem Elimelech
1NSF STC WaterCAMPWS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. mshannon@uiuc.edu
Nature
|March 21, 2008
まとめ
世界的な水不足と衛生問題には,革新的な解決策が必要です. 研究は,費用対効果の高い,エネルギー効率の良い水浄化,廃水の再利用,および海水淡化に焦点を当てて,世界中の清潔な水へのアクセスを確保しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 水資源の管理 水資源の管理
- 化学工学は化学工学というものです.
背景:
- 清潔な水と衛生施設への不十分なアクセスは,世界的に蔓延している問題です.
- 水不足は悪化すると予測され,歴史的に水豊富な地域にも影響を及ぼします.
- 現在の水処理方法は,多くの場合,高いエネルギー,コスト,化学物質の使用を必要とし,環境への影響を及ぼします.
研究 の 目的:
- 水の浄化と浄化のための新興科学技術を見直す.
- 廃水の再利用と海水淡化による水供給の増加の進展を探求する.
- 費用対効果が高く,エネルギー効率が高く,環境的に持続可能である方法を強調する.
主な方法:
- 水処理における現在の科学文献と技術開発のレビュー.
- 水の消毒と浄化のための革新的なアプローチの分析.
- 排水回収と塩水淡化のための戦略の検討.
主要な成果:
- エネルギーと化学物質の要求を削減した新しい浄水技術の開発.
- 飲料用および非飲料用用途のための安全な廃水の再利用における進歩.
- 海水および塩水淡化プロセスにおける効率の向上.
結論:
- 水の浄化と供給において,重要な科学技術的な進歩が達成されています.
- これらのイノベーションは,世界の水問題への有望な解決策を提供します.
- 持続可能な水資源管理戦略の広範な実施には,さらなる研究が不可欠です.
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