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関連する概念動画

Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo
10:51

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Published on: October 31, 2014

トランスクリプションの終了: すべてのストップを引っ張る.

Jack F Greenblatt1

  • 1Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1. jack.greenblatt@utoronto.ca

Cell
|March 25, 2008
PubMed
まとめ

研究者は光学トラップを使用して,E. coli RNAポリメラーゼがトランスクリプションを終了する方法について研究しました. 研究結果は,ポリメラーゼがハイパートランスロケーションまたはRNA:DNA剪定を使用して,特定の終端部で転写バブルを不安定化することを示唆しています.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • トランスクリプションの終結は,遺伝子調節において極めて重要です.
  • RNAポリメラーゼ (RNAP) のメカニズムを理解することは,遺伝子発現を制御する鍵です.

研究 の 目的:

  • E. coli RNAPの内在のターミネーターにおけるターミネーションメカニズムを調査する.
  • 転写終了における物理的な力の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • DNAテンプレートまたはRNAトランスクリプトに力を加えるために光学トラップを使用しました.
  • 適用された力に対する反応として,転写終了時にRNAPの行動を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • RNAPは,ターミネーター配列に基づく異なる戦略を採用することを実証した.
  • ハイパートランスロケーションとRNA:DNAシーリングを重要な不安定化メカニズムとして特定しました.
  • 機械力と終止効率の間の直接的な関係を示した.

結論:

  • RNAPは,コンテキスト依存の機械的戦略を用いて,終止符を打つ.
  • ハイパートランスロケーションとRNA:DNAシーリングは,RNA:DNAハイブリッドの不安定化に不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo
10:51

Fluorescence Based Primer Extension Technique to Determine Transcriptional Starting Points and Cleavage Sites of RNases In Vivo

Published on: October 31, 2014

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

  • この研究は,転写終結の物理的基礎に関する新しい洞察を提供します.